244 THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. 



rays. Flowers white, the males with much narrower petals than the 

 females. 



In dry, arid, and stony wastes, chiefly in limestone districts, in western 

 and southern Europe to the Caucasvis, scarcely extending into central Ger- 

 many. Eare in Britain, and confined to the south-western counties of 

 England and to soixthem Ireland. Fl. spring or early mnvmer. 



XI. GOUTWEED. iEGOPODIUM, 



Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, without any involucres. Petals 

 broad, notched, with an uiflected point. Fruit ovoid-oblong, somewhat 

 laterally compressed, without visible calycine teeth. Carpels with 5 slender 

 ribs and no vittas. 



A single species, diifering from Carum in habit and in the absence of 

 vittas. 



1. Cotninon Gout-weed, .ffigopodium Poda^aria, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 940. Goutweed. Bisliopweed.) 



A coarse, erect, glabrous perennial, 1^ to 2 feet high, with a creeping root- 

 stock. Radical leaves on long stalks, twice ternate ; the segments ovate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, sharply toothed, 2 to 3 inches long, the terminal ones 

 rounded at the base, the lateral ones obliquely cordate or sometimes lob;d. 

 Stem-leaves few, less divided, with smaller segments. Umbels rather large, 

 with 12 to 20 or even more rays, with numerous white flowers. Fruit about 

 2 lines long, the styles closely deflected upon it. 



In moist woods and thickets, widely spread over Europe and Bussian 

 Asia, except the extreme north. Having been much cultivated for medi- 

 cinal purposes, and spreadmg readily by its creeping rootstocks, it is not 

 always truly indigenous, although a troublesuuie weed in gardens. In Bri- 

 tam it is common, but chiefly about houses and gardens, and therefore 

 probably introduced. Fl. summer. 



XII. CARUM. CAEUM. 



Leaves dissected, with narrow segments. L^mbels compound, with invo- 

 lucres of several small bracts or none. Petals broad, notched, with an in- 

 flected point. Fruit oval-oblong, somewhat laterally compressed, witliout 

 visible calycine teeth. Carpels with 5 not very pr'ominent ribs, and 1, 2, or 

 3 vittas under each furrow. 



A considerable genus, chiefly spread over southern Europe and central 

 Asia, differing from Apium in the notched petals and the shape of the fruit. 



Stock short, oovered with the remains of old leafstalks. Lower leaves 

 pinuate, with many distinct segments. 

 Segments of the leaves very numerous, short, fine, and nearly equal, 



apparently clustered or whorled along the main leafstalk ... 1. Whorled C. 

 Segments gradually diminishing in length from the base to the top 



of the leaf 2. Caraway C. 



Kootstock a globular tuber. Lower leaves twice or thrice ternate . . 3. Tuberous C. 



1. Whorled Carum. Carum verticillatum, Koch. 

 (Sison, Eng. Bot. t. 395.) 

 Perennial stock short and thick, covered with the decayed bases of old 



