TTMBELLIFEE^. 245 



leafstalks, the fibrous roots slightly thickened, the erect annual stems 1 to 

 Ij- feet high. Leaves mostly radical, consisting of from 12 to 20 i^au's of 

 ojDposite segments, about 2 or 3 hues long, divided to the base into a num- 

 ber of fine subulate lobes, so as to appear hke whorls or clusters of segments 

 placed at regular distances along the common stalk, the vphole leaf being 

 4 to 6 inches long. Stem-leaves similar but few and small. Umbels ter- 

 minal, not large, of 8 or 10 rays. Involucres, both general and partial, of 

 several vei-y small, linear bracts. 



In heaths and bogs, in western Europe, from the Spanish Peninsula to 

 Belgium. In Britain, common in some parts of Wales and Ireland, and in 

 western Scotland. Fl. summer and autumn, 



2. Cara-way Carum. Carum Carvi, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 1503. Caraway.) 



A biennial, forming a tap-root, and perhaps occasionally a perennial 

 stock. Stem erect, branched, 1^ to 2 feet high. Leaves with a rather long - 

 sheathing footstalk, pinnate, with several pairs of segments, which are sessile, 

 but once or twice pinnate, with short linear lobes ; in a leaf of 3 or 4 inches, 

 the lowest or next to the lowest segments are about f of an inch long, the 

 others diminishing gradually to the top. Upper leaves smaller and less di- 

 vided. Umbels of about 8 or 10 rays, either v\'ithout involucres or with 1 

 or 2 small linear bracts. Carpels (commonly caUed Caraway-seeds) about 

 2 hues long, hnear-oblong, and usually curved, with the ribs prominent. 



In meadows, and moist pastures, in the greater part of Europe and Eus- 

 sian and central Asia, from the Arctic regions to the Mediterranean and 

 Himalaya, more rare in western Europe. Occurs in many parts of Britain ; 

 if not truly indigenous, at any rate well natm-ahzed, having been long culti- 

 vated for its aromatic carpels. Fl. spring and early summer. 



8. Tuberous Carum. Carum Bulbocastanum, Koch. 

 (Bunium, Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2862.) 



Kesembles the tuberous Bunium, and, like that species, the stock forms 

 globular, underground tubers, known by the name of EartJmuts or Pignuts. 

 Eadical leaves (which usually disappear at the time of flowering) twice or 

 three times ternate ; the segments all stalked and pinnately divided into a 

 small number of linear lobes, less unequal than in the tuberous Bunimn. 

 Involucres always present, consisting of a few very fine bracts. Carpels hke 

 those of the Caraway, but more slender, with the ribs rather less prominent, 

 although more so than in the tuberous Bunium, and the face of the seed is 

 flat or slightly concave, not furrowed as in the Bunium. Yittas single imder 

 each interstice. 



In dry pastures, on banks, roadsides, etc., especially in limestone districts, 

 in central and southern Europe, and central Asia, scarcely extending into 

 central Germany. In Britain, not generally diffused, but said to be abun- 

 dant in some parts of Hertfordshu-e, Cambridgeshire, and adjoining counties. 

 Not recorded from Ireland. Fl swmmer. 



XIII. SIUM. SIUM. 



Leaves pinnate. Umbels compound, with general and partial involucres. 

 Calyx-teeth often prominent. Petals white, notched with an inflected point. 



r2 



