UMBELLirEKJS. 249 



much shorter than the rays ; those of the partial involucres also lanceolate, 

 of a yellowish green, scarcely as long as the flowers. 



In open woods, bushy wastes, and heaths, abundant in (he hilly districts 

 of central and southern Europe, and in central and temperate Eussian Asia, 

 but scarcely fiu-ther to the north than southern Belgium, In Britain, only 

 on Norton Heath, near Ongar, in Essex. Fl. August, 



XVI. CBNANTH. CENANTHE. 



Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with partial and sometimes also 

 general involucres, of several small, narrow bracts. Flowers of the circum- 

 ference usually barren and with larger petals ; the fertUe ones in the centre 

 sessile, or on very short, often thickened pedicels. Petals notched, with I'.u 

 inflected point. Eruits from ovate to nai-row-obloug, crowned with the 5 

 small calycine teeth. Carpels somewhat corky, with 5 obtusely convex ribs, 

 and smgle vittas under the furrows. 



A rather natural genus, spread over Europe, Asia, and North America, 

 most of the species frequenting wet meadows, and marshes, or even growing 

 in water. 

 Segments of the upper leaves few, long and linear. 



Stems very hollow. Central umbel fertile, of 3 rays ; those of the 



branches barren, of several ray 9_ 1. Common CE. 



Stems nearly soUd. All the umbels of several rays, with fertile and 



barren flowers 2. Farsley CE. 



Segments of the stem-leaves numerous, broadly euneate, or short and 

 oblong. 



Umbels terminal and large. Segments of the leaves at least half an 



inch long 3. Hemlock CE. 



Umbels mostly opposite to the leaves. Leaf-segments small ... 4. Fine-leaced CE. 



1. Common ^nanth. QSnanthe fistulosa, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 363. Water Bropwort.) 



Stock (probably the oifset of the previous autumn) emitting creeping run- 

 ners, with a cluster of fibrous roots, usually more or less thickened into oblong 

 tubers. Stems thick and very hollow, erect, 2 to 3 feet high, and shghtly 

 branched. Radical leaves twice pinnate, with small euneate segments di- 

 vided into 3 or 5 lobes ; those of the stem have long stalks, hollow like the 

 stems, and bear only in their upper extremity a few pinnate segments with 

 linear lobes. Umbels terminal, the central one on the main stem has only 

 3 rays, each with numerous sessile fertile flowers, and few or no pedicellate 

 barren ones ; those which terminate the branches have usually 5 rays, their 

 flowers all pedicellate and barren. Partial involucres of a few small narrow 

 bracts, the general one either entirely wanting or reduced to a single bract. 

 Fruits in compact globular heads, each one fuU 2 lines long, narrowed at 

 the base, and crowned by the stiff, narrow teeth of the calyx, and the still 

 longer, rigid styles. 



In wet meadows, and marshes, dispersed over temperate Europe, extend- 

 ing eastward to the Caucasus, and northward into southern Sweden. Com- 

 mon in England and Ireland, but only in the southern counties of Scotland. 

 Fl. summer and autumn. 



2. Parsley ^nanth. ^nanthe pimpinelloides, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 317 aud M8. CE. Lachencdii and CE. silaifolia, Brit. Fl.) 

 A perennial, with clustered fibrous roots, sweUing into round, ovoid, or 



