UMEELUJEE^. 261 



1. Knotted Caucalis. Caucalis nodosa, Sm. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 199. Torilis, Brit. Fl.) 

 Steins procumbent or spreading, scarcely a foot long. Leaves twice pin- 

 nate, with small, narrow, pointed segments. Umbels forming little heads, 

 closely sessile, and opposite to the leaves ; they are sometimes composed of 

 2 or 3 exceedingly short, scarcely distinct rays, sometimes of a simple clus- 

 ter. Fruits smaller than in the other species ; the outer ones covered with 

 short, straight or hooked bristles, which on the inner ones are reduced to 

 mere tubercles. 



On roadsides and in waste places, in the limestone districts of central and 

 southern Europe, and eastward to the Caucasus, extending northward 

 chiefly as a weed of cultivation. Common in sunny places in southern 

 England and Ireland, more rare in the north and in southern Scotland. 

 Fl. spring and summer. 



2. Upright Caucalis. Caucalis Anthriscus, Huds. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 987. Torilis, Brit. El. Hedge Parsley:) 

 Stem erect, attaining 2 or even 3 feet, with slender, wiry branches, 

 sprinkled, as well as the leaves, with appressed, stLfF hairs. Leaves once, 

 or the lower ones twice pinnate ; the segments lanceolate, pinnatifid, or 

 coarsely toothed ; the lower ones of each leaf stalked, and remote from the 

 others. Umbels on long, slender peduncles, rather small, of from 3 to 7 or- 

 8 rays. Involucres, both general and partial, of small, subulate bracts, one 

 close under each ray and often not readily distinguished at first sight. 

 Petals pink or wliite, not very unequal in size. Fruit a small burr, being 

 covered with short, rough bristles, more or less curved inwards, or hooked 

 at the top. 



In hedges, on roadsides, and waste places, common throughout Europe 

 and central and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Abundant ail 

 over Britain. Fl. summer and autumn. 



3. Spreading- Caucalis. Caucalis infesta, Curt. 

 (Eng. Bot. 1314. Torilis, Brit. Fl.) 



Very near the upright C, but usually a rather smaller and more spread- 

 ing plant ; the general involucre is either entii-ely wanting or reduced to a 

 single bract, often lanceolate, and the bristles of the fruit are usually less 

 curved, but with a minute hook at the top ; this character is not however so 

 constant as that of the involucre. 



In cultivated and waste places, on banks and roadsides, in central and 

 southern Europe to the Caucasus, not extending into Scandinavia. In 

 Britain, chiefly amongst corn, in the southern and eastern comities of 

 England. It is said to be abmidant in several local Floras, but the 

 upright C. is often mistaken for it. Fl. summer and autumn. 



4. Small Caucalis. Caucalis daucoides, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 197.) 

 Erect or spreading, and much branched, seldom above a foot high. 

 Leaves twice or three times pinnate, with rather narrow, but short, pin- 

 natifid segments, the general outhne of the leaf being broadly triangular. 

 Umbels terminal or opposed to the leaf, on rather long peduncles, visually 

 of 3 or 4 rays only. General involucre of one bract, partial ones of 

 e, few linear bracts. Flowers wliite or pink, the outer petals occasionally 



