COMPOSITiE. 287 



ny / Achenes of the ray without any pappus 18. DoEOwic. 



I Aehenes of the ray with a pappus like those of the disk 17. Senkcio. 



rFlorets of the ray not more than 10 or 13. Anthers without tails . 6. Goldenrod. 



SS'/ Florets of the ray very rumerous, or at any rate above 20. Anthers with minute 



L. fine points or tails at their base 7. Incle. 



Thistleheads. 



^Bracts of the involucre entire, obtuse or pointed, but not prickly 30 



go 3 Bracts of the involucre ending in a long, stifi" point, hooked at the extremity. 



1 21. BUEDOCK. 



^Bracts of the involucre prickly, or ending in a fringed or toothed appendage . . 33 

 „^f Hairs of the pappus simple 23. Sawwoht. 



l Hairs of the pappus feathery 31 



„, r Leaves entire or coarsely toothed, not prickly 23. Sadsscrea. 



1 Leaves either pricklj' or bordered with minute stiff bristles .... 24. Thistle. 



rBracts of the involucre ending in a simple point or prickle . i 33 



32< Bracts of the involucre ending in a fringed or toothed appendage, or in several 



i, points or prickles, or in a prickle branched at the base 34 



f Receptacle bearing long chaffy bristles between the florets .... 34. Thistle, 

 33 -j Receptacle honeycombed with jagged edges to the cavities, but not bristly. 



L 25. Onopobd. 



('Inner bracts of the involucre long, linear, shining and spreading, outer ones very 

 n,) prickly. Achenes silky 26. Cablime. 



^ Bracts of the involucre toothed or jagged, not pricldy 37. Cewtaijrea. 



..Bracts of the involucre prickly. Achenes glabrous 35 



■ Pappus of feathery hairs 24. Thistle . 



L Pappus of simple bristles or none 27. Centaueea. 



LlGTJLATES. 



o(. ("Achenes, bearing a pappus of numerous long hairs .37 



\ Achenes, without a pappus, or crowned by a few short scales 47 



Pappus with some or most of the hairs feathery 38 



Pappus with all the hairs simple 42 



gg f Involucre (very long) with all the bracts of equal length 28. Salsify. 



t Involucre with outer bracts much smaller, or different from the inner ones . . 39 

 f External bracts of the involucre 4 or 5, broadly ovate or heart-shaped 



39-^ 29. Helminth. 

 (. External bracts of the involucre small and unequal 40 



,Q f Receptacle bearing some long chaiiy scales between the florets . 32. Htpoch.s;ee. 



( Receptacle naked 41 



pStem leafy, branched, several-flowered, with clinging, hooked hairs. Achenes with- 



.-jj out a beak 30. Pichis. 



) Stem almost leafless, simple or slightly branched, with one or very few flower- 



l.^ heads. Achenes usually tapering into a short beak 31. Hawkbit. 



f Achenes more or less flattened. Leaves glabrous, often bearing prickles on the 



42 < edges or midrib 43 



(.Achenes cyhndrical or angular. Leaves glabrous, haii"y, or downy 44 



.o f Achenes tapering into a .slender beak bearing the pappus 33. Lettuce. 



\ Pappus sessile or not sujjported on a distinct, slender beak . . 31. Sowthistle. 



^ f Achenes tapering into a slender beak, bearing the pappus 45 



*( Pappus sessile or not supported on a distinct, slender beak 46 



., f Peduncles radical, simple, with a single flower-head 35. Dandelion. 



° t Flowering stems branched, bearing several heads 36. Ceepis. 



rAchenes strongly striate, and slightly narrowed at the top. Pappus of numerous 



,„) white hairs. Lower leaves frequently pinnatifid 36. Ceepis. 



) Achenes but sUghtly striate, not narrowed at the top. Pappus of rather stiff bristles, 

 l^ of a dirty white. Leaves toothed or entire 37. Hawkweed. 



.- f Flowers blue. Pappus a small cup formed of short scales .... 38. Chicort. 

 \ Flowers small and yellow. No pappus T 48 



{Stem 1 to 2 feet, leafy, with several flower-heads 40. Lapsane. 

 Stem leafless, not 6 inches high, hollow under the flower-heads. Leaves radical. 

 39. Aehoseeis. 



The very numerous genera of Composites are distributed into four great 

 Tribes or Suborders, of wbich the three following only are represented iu 

 Britain : — 



I. CoEYMBiFERS (CorymUfera) . Herbs (or, in some exotic species, trees or shrubs), 

 with alternate or opposite leaves, not prickly (except in a few exotic species) . Invo- 



35{j 



37 { 



