288 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



lucres seldom prickly. Outer florets of each head usually ligulate or filiform, or more 

 slender than the central ones, aud female or neuter. Central florets usually tubular, 

 small, herniapljrodite, with 4 or 5 short lobes or teeth. Karely all the florets are tubular, 

 as in TMsfleheads ; but then the style is not swollen under the branches. This vast 

 Suborder is ag^ain divided into Tribes, of which the British ones are : — 



1. EuPATORiE.*:. Branches of the style usually club-shaped or obtuse. Genera: — 

 1. EuPATOEY; 2. Coltsfoot. 



2. AsTEEE.^. Branchesof the style usually flattened and pointed. Genera; — 3. Aster; 

 4. Eriqekon; 5. LiNOSTRrs; 6. G-oldenhod ; 7. Inule; 8. Daist. 



3. Seneoione^. Branches of the style usually truncate at the top, with a tuft of 

 minute hairs, or conical and pointed. Genera: — 9. Chrysanthemum; 10. Matei- 

 CARY ; 11. Camomile ; 12. Achillea; 13. DioTis ; 14. Tansy; 15. Artemisia; 

 16. Cudweed; 17. Senecio ; IS. Doronic; 19. Bidens. 



4. AMBE0siE.ffi. Anthers closed round the style, but not united. Genus, 20. Bur- 

 weed. 



II. Thistleheads {Cynarocephal<B) . Herbs, with alternate or radical leaves, often 

 prickly. Involucres usually globular or ovoid, with numerous imbricated, usually prickly 

 or jagged bracts. Receptacle often thick and hard. Florets all tubular and regular, 

 with 4 or 5 often narrow lobes. Style shghtly swollen below the lobes. Genera: — 

 21. Burdock; 22. Sawwort; 23. Saussurea; 24. Thistle; 25. Onopoed; 26. Cak- 

 LiNE ; 27. Centaueea. 



III. Ligulates (Liguliflora or Chicoracece) . Herbs, with alternate or radical leaves, 

 seldom prioldy. All the florets ligulate, usually of several rows, the inner ones gradually 

 sViorter thau the outer ones. Genera:— iH. Sai,sift ; 29. Helminth; 80. PiCEis ; 

 31. Hawkbit ; 32. Hypoch^ee; 33. Lettuce; 34. Sowthistle ; 35. Dandelion; 

 36. Ceepis; 37. Hawkweed ; 38. Chicoey ; 39. Arnosebis; 40. Lapsane. 



Among the numerous exotic genera familiar to us by long or general 

 cultivatiou,||pay be mentioned the Marigold (Calendula), the Sunflower 

 and Jerusalem Artichoke (Heliantkus), the French and African Marigolds 

 (Peruvian species of Tagetes), several JEverlastings {Helichrysu)n, and other 

 Cape and Australian genera), several species of Coreopsis, Rudbeckia, Zinnia, 

 Dahlia, Ageratum, etc., all belonging to Corymhifers ; the Artichoke and 

 Cardoon (Ci/nara), and the Glohe-Thistle (JSchinops), belonging to Thistle- 

 heads ; and Scorzonera, and Catananche among Ligulates. 



I. EUPATORY. EUPATOEIUM. 



Herbs (or, in exotic species, shrubs), with leaves mostly opposite, and 

 purplish or white flowers in terminal coi-ymbs. Receptacle without scales. 

 Florets aU tubular and equal. Styles much exserted, with long, thickened 

 or club-sliaped branches. Achenes angular or striated, with a pappus of 

 simple hairs. 



A vast genus, chiefly American, with a few Asiatic species, one of which 

 is also our Eiuropean one, the only British Composite with opposite leaves, 

 and florets not yellow. 



1. Common Eupatory. Eupatorium cannabinum, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 428. Jlemp Agrimony.) 



Eootstock perennial, the stems erect, 3 or 4 feet high. Leaves 3 to 5 

 inches long, shghtly downy, divided into 3 broadly lanceolate, coarsely 

 toothed lobes, sometimes again slightly lobed, a few "upper leaves occasion- 

 ally simple and alternate. Elower-lieads numerous, in compact terminal 

 corymbs, of a pale reddish-purple. Involucres cylindrical, of very few un- 

 equal bracts, and usually containing 5 florets. 



On banks and bushy jilaces near water, throughout Europe and Central 

 and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Extends all over Britain. 

 Fl. summer. 



