302 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



Inner bracts of the involucre brown or pale at the tips. Flower-heads 

 in clusters or rarely solitary, including both kinds of florets. 

 Perennials. Fhwer-heads in leafy spikes, or terminal and few, 



I'lower-heads in oblong or elongated leafy spikes. Outer filiform 



tlorets numerous. Achenes not flattened 4. Wood C. 



Flower-heads soUtary or very few, on a dwarf stem. Outer filiform 



florets few. Achenes flattened 5. Jhcarf C. 



Flower-heads densely clustered, terminal, almost corymbose. 



Outer filiform florets numerous. Achenes not flattened . . 3. Jersey C. 

 Annuals. Flower-heads small, numerous, in lateral or terminal 

 clusters. 

 Clusters terminal, surrounded by leaves much longer than the 

 heads. 

 Florets very numerous, all within the involucre without inter- 

 vening scales 6. Marsh C. . 



Outer filiform florets separated by scales of the receptacle, outer- 

 most of all embraced by the inner involucral bracts ... 9. Narrow C. 

 Clusters terminal or lateral; the surrounding leaves shorter or 

 scarcely longer. 

 Involucres very small, in very dense clusters, with a row of 

 scales on the receptacle within the outer row of florets. 

 Clusters few, globular, and terminal, with more than 20 heads 7. Common C. 

 Clusters numerous, lateral and terminal, with less than 10 

 heads. 



Leaves linear-lanceolate 8. Field C. 



Leaves linear-subulate 9. Narrow C. 



Involucres loosely clustered, 2 or 3 lines diameter. Florets all 



vrithin the inner bracts of the involucre 3. Jersey C. 



1. Mountain Cud^reed. Gnaphalium dioicum, Liim. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 267. Antennaria, Brit. Fl. A. hyperhorea, Eng. Bot. Suppl. 



t. 2640. Mountain Everlasting, or Gafs-ear.) 



A small perennial, with a tufted or cre^jjing leafy stalk, and almost sim- 

 ple flowering stems, 2 to 4 or 5 inches high. Lower leaves obovate or oblong ; 

 upper ones linear, white underneath or on both sides. Flower-heads 3 or 4 

 together, in compact, terminal corymbs, and dioecious. In the males the 

 inner bracts of the involucre have broad, white, petal-hke tips, spreading 

 like tlie hgulate florets of a radiating flower-head ; the florets all tubular 

 and short. In the females the inner bracts are narrow, white at the tips, 

 but not spreading, and the florets aU filiform, with a long protruding pappus 

 to the achenes. 



In mountain pastures, common in northern Europe, Asia, and America-, 

 to the Arctic regions, and in the great mountain- ranges of central and 

 southern Eui'ope and Russian Asia. Abundant in Scotland, Wales, and 

 many parts of England, descending occasionally nearly to the coast level. 

 Fl. summer, rather early. 



2. Pearl Cud^reed. Gnaphalium margaritaceum, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 2018. Antennaria, Brit. Fl.) 



An erect perennial, 2 to 3 feet high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, white and 

 cottony vmderneath or on both sides. Flower-heads numerous, in flat ter- 

 minal corymbs, usually dioecious, but less absolutely so than in the moun- 

 tain C; the involucres of both kinds with several rows of very white, broad, 

 loose or spreading bracts. 



A North American and central Asiatic plant, long cultivated among our 

 garden Everlastings, and now apparently naturalized in a few locahties in 

 Monmouthshire and in South Wales. Fl. end of summer. 



