322 THE COMPOSITE TAMILT, 



hairs, about as long as tlie aohene, surrounded by 5 or 6 others not a 

 quarter that length. 



In meadows and pastures, very common in Europe, and eastward to 

 the Caucasus and the Ural, except the extreme nortli. Abundant in Britain, 

 as far north as Glasgow and Forfar. Fl. the tchole summer and autumn . 

 A nearly glabrous variety (L. hastiUs), frequent on the Continent, does not 

 appear to have been found in Britain. 



2. Autumnal XSa'wkbit. Xieontodon autumnalis, Linn. 

 {Hedypnois, E"g- Bot. t. 830. Apargia, Bab. Man.) 



Habit nearly of the long-rooted Hypochcere, but with smaller flower- 

 heads, and no scales between the florets. Leaves long, narrow, and pin- 

 natifid, with a few narrow lobes, glabrous, or with a few long, stiff hairs. 

 Flower-stems erect, usually with 1 or 2 single-headed branches, having 

 sometimes 1 or 2 narrow, nearly entire leaves near the base ; the branches 

 or peduncles nearly glabrous, bearing a few small scales. Involucres oblong, 

 tapering at the base into the enlarged summit of the peduncle, glabrous in 

 the common variety, with closely appressed, imbricated bracts. Achenes 

 long, striate, and transversely wTinkled, tapering into a short beak, scarcely 

 perceptible in the outer ones. Pappus brown and feathery, without the 

 short, outer hairs of the common H. 



In meadows, pastm-es, and waste places, throughout Europe and Eussian 

 Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. Abundant all over 

 Britain. Fl. svmmer and autumn. Ihe mountain 11. {Sediipnois Taraxaci, 

 Eng. Bot. t. 1109), is a northern or alpine variety of dwarf statiu-e, with 

 the flower-stems often sijnple, and rather large flower-heads, the much 

 enlarged smnmit of the peduncle, and the involucre more or less covered 

 with black hairs. Not unfrequent in the Scotch Higlilands. The true 

 li. Taraxaci, from the alps of central Europe, is quite a distinct plant. 



3. Xjesser Ha^rkbit. Ijeontodon hirtus, Linn. 

 {Hedgpnois, Eng. Bot. t. 555. Thrincia, Brit. Fl.) 



Usually a smaller plant than the two last, and glabrous, or with a few stifi", 

 mostly forked hairs on the leaves and lower part of the peduncles. Leaves 

 oblong or hnear, coarsely toothed, sinuate or shortly pinnatifld. Peduncles 

 seldom above 6 inches high, with a single rather small head of bright yellow 

 flowers. Involucres green, glabrous, thickening at the base after flowering, 

 consisting of 10 or 12 nearly equal bracts, with several small imbricated 

 ones at the base. Achenes of the outer row curved, slightly tapering at 

 the top, with a very short, scaly pappus ; the others like those of the 

 common U. 



In rather dry open pastures, moors, and waste places, in central and 

 southern Europe, scarcely extending to its eastern Umits, or northward to 

 the Baltic. Very common in England and Ireland, and found m Scotland 

 as far as Glasgow and Fife. Fl. summer. 



XXXII. HYFOCHOSRS. HYPOCHCERIS. 



Annuals or perennials, with the habit and pappus of JIawkhit, but more 

 frequently branched ; the involucres rather more imbricated, and there are 

 a few chaffy scales on the receptacle biitween the florets, at least amongst 

 the inner ones. 



