334 THE COMPOSITE FAMILT. 



1. V^ild Chicory. Cichorium Intybus, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 539. Succory or Chicory.) 



Perennial stock descending into a long tap-root. Stems more or less 

 hispid, 1 to 2 or even 3 feet high. Radical leaves spreading on the ground, 

 and, as well as the lower stem-leaves, more or less hairy and pinnatifid, with 

 a large terminal lobe and smaller lateral ones, all pointed and coarsely 

 toothed ; the upper leaves smaO, less cut, embracing the stem by pointed 

 auricles. Flower-heads in closely sessile clusters of 2 or 3 along the stiff 

 spreading branches, and 1 or 2 terminal ones. Involucres of about 8 inner 

 bracts and a few outer ones about half their length ; the florets large, of a 

 bright blue. Achenes smooth or scarcely ribbed, closely packed in the hard 

 dry base of the involucre. 



In dry wastes, on roadsides, and borders of fields, over the greater part of 

 Europe and Asia, stopping only short of the Arctic regions on the one side, 

 and the tropics on tlie other. Not uncommon in some parts of England 

 and Ireland, but does not extend far into Scotland. Fl. summer and 

 autumn. 



XXXIX. ARNOSERXS. ARNOSEEIS. 



A single species, distinguished as a genus from Lapsane, as having a dif- 

 ferent liaibit, ajid the acheues crowned with a minute raised border; and 

 more naturally associated by older botanists with Hyoseris, a Continental 

 genus, in which the achenes have a pappus of chaify scales or bristles. 



1. Dvirarf Amoseris. Aruoseris pusilla, Gsertn. 

 {Hyoseris, Eng. Bot. t. 95. Lapsana, Brit. Fl.) 



Leaves all radical, obovate or oblong, toothed, and glabrous or nearly so. 

 Flower-stalks 4 to 8 inches high, sUghtly branched, and leafless ; the erect 

 branches or peduncles enlarged and hollow upwards, each bearing a small 

 head of yellow flowers. 



In dry, sandy or gravelly fields, in northern and central Europe, but not 

 an Arctic plant, and apparently rare in the south. Dispersed over various 

 parts of England, especially in the eastern counties, and occurs in some of 

 the eastern counties of Scotland, but not recorded fi:om Ireland. FL 

 summer. 



XL. X.APSANE. LAPSANA. 



Leafy annual, with small yellow flower-heads, Achenes without any 

 pappus or border whatsoever. 



The genus consists but of a single species. 



1. Common Lapsane. Iiapsana communis, Linn. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 844. Nipplewort.) 

 Stem 1 to 2 or 3 feet high, with a few stLfi" hairs at the base, branched 

 and glabrous upwards. Leaves tliin and usually hairy ; the lower ones 

 ovate, coarsely toothed, with a few smaller lobes along the stalk ; the upper 

 ones small, narrow, and entire. Flower-heads on slender peduncles, in a 

 loose panicle or corymb. Involucre about 3 lines long, of about 8 nearly. 



