CAMPANTJIACE^. 335 



equal scales of a glaucous green, with a few very small outer ones. Aolienes 

 slightly compressed, with numerous longitudinal nerves. 



A common weed in waste and cultivated places, throughout Europe and 

 Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Extends over the whole of Britain, 

 except the northern extremity of Scotland. Fl. summer and autumn. 



XLIII. CAMPAinTLA FAMILY. CAMPANULACE^. 



Herbs, with alternate, entire or tootlied leaves, without sti- 

 pules ; the flowers most commonly blue or white, either distinct, 

 or collected into heads with a general involucre. Calyx ad- 

 hering to the ovary, with a free border of 5 teeth or lobes, 

 sometimes very narrow and almost reduced to bristles. Co- 

 rolla inserted within the lobes of the calyx, regular or irregular, 

 with 5 teeth or lobes. Stamens 5, inserted within the corolla 

 at its base, but otherwise free from it. Anthers distinct, or 

 rarely cohering in a ring round the corolla. Style single, with 

 an entire or divided stigma. Ovary and capsule inferior, di- 

 vided into from 2 to 5 cells, with several seeds in each (or, in a 

 very few exotic species, reduced to one seed). 



A rather large family, widely spread over the temperate regions of both 

 hemispheres, especially the northern one, and crossing the tropics chiefly in 

 mountainous districts. The insertion of the stamens within the base of the 

 corolla, and not upon its tube, is pecuUar, among British Monopetals, to 

 this Order and to the Heath family ; and from the latter, Campanulacece are 

 easily known by their herbaceous stems, and the number of stamens always 

 equal to, never double, that of the lobes of the corolla. 



Corolla very irregular, split open on the upper side. Anthers closely 



cohering 1. Zobelia. 



Corolla regular or nearly so. Anthers free or cohering at the base 

 only. 

 Segments of the corolla deep and narrow-linear. Flowers in heads 

 or dense spikes. 

 Anthers united in a ring at the base. Heads small, hemi- 

 spherical 2. Jasione. 



Anthers distant. Flower-buds cylindrical, curved. Heads glo- 

 bular or elongated 3. Sampion. 



Lobes of the corolla broad and short 4. Campanula. 



The Trachelium ccEruleum, a south European plant of early cultivation in 

 our flower-gardens, belongs to the same family ; and the Austrahan Goods- 

 nias, SccBvolas, and other allied plants, often seen in our greenhouses, form 

 a small family, which may almost be considered as a tribe of CampanulacecB. 



I. I.OBEI.IA. LOBELIA. 



' _ Flowers in terminal racemes, usually leafless or nearly so. CoroUa very 

 irregular, more or less cleft on the upper side, with 5 lobes usually forming 

 two hps ; the 2 upper lobes smallest, and erect or recurved ; the 3 lower 

 ones spreading, and less deeply divided. Anthers united in a tube round 

 the style, often hairy, or the 2 lower ones bearded at the top. 



