338 THE CAMPANULA FAMILY. 



hemisphere or In the mountain-ranges of the hotter regions, with a few 

 extratropical southern species. Taken as a whole, it is a natural and readily 

 recognized group, but diversities in the opening of the capsule, and several 

 minor points, have induced modern botanists to subdivide it into tliree or 

 more separate genera. Theu" characters are, however, so httle in accord 

 with their general habit, that they may be more conveniently considered as 

 sub-genera or sections. 



Calyx-tube and cap3ule long and narrow. CoroUa rotate (Specu- 



laeia) 9. Corn C. 



Calyx-tube short and broad. Corolla bell-shaped. 

 Delicate, prostrate plant, with nearly orbicular, ang^arly 

 toothed leaves. Capsule opening at the top (Wahlen- 



bkbgia) 8. Tri/ C. * 



Stems erect or ascending. Upper leaves narrow or pointed. 

 Capsule opening at the sides. 

 Stem-leaves linear or linear-lanceolate^ entire or nearly so. 

 Lobes of the corolla a3 long or nearly as long as the tube. 

 Annual or biennial, with slender spreading branches and 



few flowers. The corolla rather large and very open . 6. Spreading C. 

 Erect, stiff perennial, with long racemes of rather small 



flowers 5. Rampion C. 



Lobes of the corolla considerably shorter than the tube . . 7. Harebell C. 

 Stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate or heart-shaped f and toothed. 

 Flowers two or more together in the upper axils or in ter- 

 minal heads or clusters. 



Flowers closely sessOe, in compact heads 1. Clustered C. 



Flowers shortly stalked, in rather loose clusters . . i . 2. NettU-leaved C. 

 Flowers growing singly in the upper axils or in a simple ter- 

 minal raceme. 

 Flowers (middle-sized) in a long terminal raceme, with 



short floral leaves 4. Creeping C. 



Flowers few and large, the lower ones in the axils of 

 leaves longer than themselves. 

 Lower stem-leaves stalked, but tapering at the base . 3. G-iant C. 

 Lower stem-leaves stalked, and heart-shaped at the 



base 2. Netth-leaved C. 



Many species of Campanula have long been favourites in our gardens for 

 the beauty of their flowers, amongst which the most common are the Can- 

 terbury-hell (C medium), the C. pyramidalis, betomccEfoUa,garganiea, Car- 

 pathica, persicifolia, etc. The latter species (Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2773), 

 very -ividely distributed over the continent of Eiu-ope, and northern Asia, 

 and easily maintaining itself when once planted, has been inserted in om* 

 Floras, but it does not appear to have anywhere spread permanently beyond 

 our gardens. 



1. Clustered Campanula. Campanula glomerata, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 90.) 



Rootstock short, more or less creeping. Stem firm, erect, a foot high or 

 rather more, and hairy. Radical and lower leaves stalked ; the remainder 

 sessile, broadly lanceolate, clasping the stem by their cordate base, and 

 roughly hairy. Flowers sessile, in small clusters in the upper leaves, the 

 upper ones forming a compact leafy head. Corolla blue, about half an inch 

 long or rather longer. Capsules short and broad, crowned by the narrow 

 leafy teeth of the calyx, and bursting open by small clefts at their base. 



In rather dry pastures, tln-oughout continental Europe and Russian Asia, 

 except the extreme north. Extends over the greater part of England, but 

 is absent from some of the western counties as well as from Ireland, and 

 only penetrates into the south-eastern counties of Scotland. Fl. sutmner. 

 In very dry soils it often becomes very much dwarfed. 



