340 THE CAMPAISTTLA FAMILY. 



slightly branched terminal racemes ; the corolla divided to about the middle 

 into 5 lanceolate segments, but not near so large nor so open as in the 

 spreading C. Capsule short and erect, opening in small lateral clefts close 

 under tlie nan-ow-linear segments of the calyx. 



On banks, roadsides, and open pastui'es, in central and southern Europe 

 to the Caucasus, becoming scarcer further north, and in many places pro- 

 bably only escaped from cultivation. In Britain, it used to be commonly 

 raised in kitchen-gardens for its tuberous roots, and it is uncertain whether 

 in those locahties in southern England, where it is now undoubtedly wUd, it 

 should be held as a true native or merely estabhshed through cultivation. 

 Fl. summer'. 



6. Spreading Campanula. Campanula patula, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 42.) 



An erect but rather slender annual or biennial, about a foot liigh, and 

 slightly hairy, with spreading branches. Radical leaves obovate or oblong, 

 and stalked ; the stem ones few, narrow-lanceolate or Unear, nearly entire. 

 Flowers few, rather larger than in the Harebell C, in a spreading panicle ; the 

 corolla much more open, of a more purplish colour, and divided to theniiddle 

 into 5 broad, pointed lobes. Capsule obconical, erect, and opening in short 

 clefts close under the long, linear segments of the calyx. 



TJnder hedges, on banks, and in bushy pastures, over the whole of Europe, 

 except the extreme north, extending to the Caucasus and to the TJral. In 

 Britain, chiefly confined to the central and southern counties of England. 

 Fl. summer. 



7. Harebell Campanula. Campanula rotundifolia, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 866.) 



A perennial, with a slender, creeping rootstock, often very intricate ; the 

 radical leaves, which mostly die away at the time of flowering, orbicular or 

 li.?art-shaped ; those of the stem aU narrow-lanceolate or Knear, and entire. 

 Stems ascending or erect, 6 to 18 inches high, often branched, with a few 

 elegantly di'ooping blue flowers, in a loose raceme or panicle, or sometimes 

 solitary. CoroUa beU-shaped, with 5 broad lobes much shorter than the 

 entire part. Capsule ovoid or globular, pendulous, and opening in short 

 clefts close to the base. 



In billy pastures, on heaths, banks, and roadsides, the commonest species 

 in Europe and Eussian Asia, from tlie Mediterranean to the Arctic Circle, 

 and ascending to great elevations. Abundant aU over Britain. Fl. summer 

 and autumn. 



8. Ivy Campanula. Campanula hederacea, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 73.) 



A little, graceful, prostrate perennial, with very slender, thread-Kke 

 bi'anches, and small, dehcate leaves, mostly orbicular or broadly heart- 

 shaped, with a few bi-oad, angidar teeth. Flowers on long, filiform pedun- 

 cles, drooping in the bud, nearly erect when fully out, and often droopmg 

 again as the fruit ripens. Corolla not half an inch long, naiTow-beUshaped, 

 of a delicate pale-bluish purple. Capsule almost globular, opening in 3 

 valves at the top between the calycine teeth, on which account this species 

 is placed by modern botanists in the genus Wahlenbergia. 



In moist, shady pastures, and woods, chiefly along riUs and banks. Abun- 



