,396 THE SCHOPHULAEIA FAMILY. 



.the round-leaved L., -which this plant resembles in most respects ; the 

 branches are, however, more slender, the leaves angular or hastate at the 

 base, the peduncles much more slender, glabrous, and spreading at right 

 angles, the sepals narrow-lanceolate, and the spur of the corolla straight. 



In open woods, and heaths, in cultivated and waste places, in Europe and 

 •western and central Asia, extending northwards into southern Sweden. In 

 Britain, chiefly as a weed of cultivation, but probably truly indigenous in 

 southern England and Ireland ; rare in the north, and unknown in Scotland. 

 Fl. the whole season. 



IV. SCROFHULARIA. SCROPHULARIA. 



Herbs, usually erect, with angular stems, opposite leaves, and rather small 

 flowers, of a dingy purple or yellow, in loose cymes forming a terminal 

 panicle. Calyx more or less deeply 5-cleft. Corolla nearly globular, with 

 short, broad lobes ; the two upper ones erect and united into an upper Up ; 

 the two lateral ones often shorter and erect ; the lowest one turned down- 

 wards. Stamens 4, turned downwards, with 1-celled anthers ; a fifth barren 

 stamen usually forming a scale under the upper lip. Capsule 2-celled, open- 

 ing at the partition in 2 valves. 



The species are numerous, having their great centre in the Mediterranean 

 region and in central Asia, a few only extending over the rest of Europe, 

 northern Asia, and a part of North America. The shape of the coroUa 

 readily distinguishes the genus from all others. 



Leaves glabrous. Panicle almost leafless. 



Stem acutely angled but not winged, with numerous knotty 

 tubers at its base. Leaves acute. Border of the sepals 

 very narrow 1. S^noited S, 



Stem 4-winged, without tubers at the base. Leaves usually ob- 

 tuse. Sepals with a conspicuous scarious border 2. Water S. 



Leaves downy. Panicle leafy at the base, or cyraes all axillary. 



Leaves cordate-triangular. Flowers dull purple, with a scale 



under the upper Up 3. IBalm-leaved 8, 



Leaves orbicular or broadly cordate. Flowers yellow, without any 



scale under the upper lip 4. Yellow S. 



I. Knotted Scrophularia. Scrophularia nodosa, Linn. 

 (Eug. Bot. t. 1544. Figimrt.) 



A coarse, erect perennial, 2 to 3 feet high, glabrous or nearly so, with a 

 disagreeable smell ; the short stock emitting a number of small green knots 

 or tubers. Stem sharply quadrangular. Leaves large, broadly ovate or 

 heart-shaped, pointed, and doubly crenate or serrate. Panicle loosely pyra- 

 midal or oblong, usually sprinkled with minute glandular hairs. Lobes of 

 the calyx rounded, witli a very narrow, often scarcely perceptible, scarious 

 border. Tube of the corolla of a pale greenish-purple, twice as long as the 

 calyx ; the upper hp more deeply coloured, much longer than the lateral 

 lobes. 



In rather moist cultivated and waste grounds, in Europe, Russian Asia, 

 and some parts of North America. Extends all over Britaia. Fl. all 

 summer. 



2. Vt^ater Scrophularia. Scrophularia aquatica, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 854, and S. Ehrharti, Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2875.) 

 Very variable in size, but is generally taller and rather less branched than 



