406 THE SCEOPHTJLARIA TAMILT. 



Sartsla, and differing chiefly in the corolla, wliich has the upper lip much 

 less concave, with 2 lobes spreading laterally or turned back, and tlie lobes 

 of the lower lip are more spreading, and usually notched. Seeds few, 

 pendulous, and furrowed. 



There is probably but one species of the genus in the northern hemi- 

 sphere, but several others are natives of AustraKa and South America. 



1. Common Eyebright. Euphrasia officinalis, Liim. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 1416.) 



A little, much branched annual, varying wonderfully in size, station, 

 shape of the leaves, size and colour of the flowers, etc., and beheved to be 

 half-parasitic on the roots of grasses. It is most frequently ft-om 2 to 6 

 inches high, glabrous or shghtly downy. Leaves small, sessUe, opposite, 

 ovate, deeply toothed, the teetli of the lower ones obtuse, of the upper ones 

 finely pointed. Flowers in loose, terminal, leaiy spikes ; the calyx with 4 

 or 5 pointed teeth ; tlie coroUa white or reddish, streaked with purple, and a 

 yellow spot in the throat, the tube usually shorter than the spreading lobes. 

 Capsule oblong. Sometimes, especially in high alpine regions, the whole 

 plant is but 1 inch liigh, with minute, almost yellow flowers ; wlien luxu- 

 riant it will attain 8 inches, \\ith flowers near half an inch long. The 

 leaves in some varieties are all broad, obtuse, almost orbicular, and the 

 upper ones closely imbricated ; in others they are all narrow, very pointed, 

 and distant. 



In pastures, throughout Europe and Russian and central Asia, from the 

 Mediterranean to the Arctic regions and the highest alpme summits. 

 Abundant in Britain. Fl. summer and autumn. The numerous varieties 

 are referred, by those who have studied them most, to two principal races, — ■ 

 the common JS., with a more glandular down, especially on the calyx, the 

 teeth of the leaves obtuse, or the upper ones shortly pointed, the capsule 

 broadly oblong, and the seeds ovoid ; and the ioood E. (E. nemorosa), 

 which is never glandular, the teeth of the upper leaves at least ending in a 

 fine point, the capsule very narrow, and the seeds spindle-shaped ; but many 

 forms occur in which these characters are differently combined, or pass 

 gradually into each other. 



XII. RATTLE. EHINANTHUS. 



A genus limited to the single species described below, distinguished from 

 Pedieularis chiefly by the calyx and capsule. 



1. Common Rattle. Rhinanthus Crista-galli, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 657.) 

 An erect, glabrous or slightly hairy annual, with a shortly branched, 

 fibrous root, which attaches itself to the living roots of.grasses and other 

 plants by means of slightlj' enlarged suckers. Stem from a few inches to 

 a foot high, simple or slightly branched. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, and 

 more or less coarsely toothed ; the floral ones broader, shorter, and more 

 cut at the base. Flowers in a loose, leafy spike ; the calyx nearly orbicular, 

 inflated, but compressed, contracted at the mouth, with 4 small teeth. 

 Corolla yellow, often with a purple spot on the upper, or upon both lips ; 

 the tubs longer than the calyx ; the upper Up laterally compressed, with a 



