SCEOPHULAEINEja. 407 



tooth or lobe on eacli side in front ; the lower lip shorter, with 3 spread- 

 ing lobes. Stamens 4, in pairs, witli obtuse, hairy anther-cells. Capsule 

 orbicular, flattened, with a few large, flat, usually winged seeds. 



In meadows and pastures, in Europe and Eussian Asia, from the Medi- 

 terranean to the Arctic regions. Abundant in Britain, often causiug much 

 injury to the herbage. Fl. summer, or sometimes later. It varies much in 

 stature, in the breadth of the leaves, in the size of the flower, and in the 

 form of the teeth of the upper hp ; and botanists have distinguished three 

 supposed species, — thelarger H. {R. major, Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2737), with 

 large flowers ; the lesser E., with small flowers ; and the narrow R., with 

 linear leaves ; but further observation has shown that these forms are 

 neither constant, nor marked enough to be separated even as permanent 

 races. 



XIII. PEDICULARIS. PEDICTJLAEIS. 



Herbs, with leaves alternate, or, in a very few species, whorled or nearly 

 opposite, and pinnately lobed, toothed, or divided ; and, in the British 

 species, pm-ple flowers, in leafy spikes or racemes. Calyx broadly tubular, 

 inflated after flowering, with 2 to 5 irregular, often jagged teeth or lobes. 

 CoroUa with a distinct tube ; the upper hp laterally compressed, entire or^ 

 with a small tooth in front on each side. Stamens 4, in pairs, the anther- 

 cells not pointed. Capsule flattened, more or less obUque at the top, with 

 a few large seeds attached to the lower part. 



A numerous genus in the mountains or colder regions of the northern 

 hemisphere, extending far into the Arctic Circle, and found also in some of 

 the tropical mountaLa-ranges. It is always readily known by the foliage 

 and calyx. 



Steins 1 to 2 feethigli. Calyx TTitli2 short, broad, jagged lobes. Upper 

 lip of the corolla with a tooth on each side, at or below the 

 middle 1. Marsh P. 



Steins prostrate or spreading, not 6 inches long. Calyx 4- or 5-toothed. 



Upper lip of the corolla without any teeth at or below the middle . 2. Common F. 



1. Marsh Fedicularis. Pedicularis palustris, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 399. Red Rattle.) 



A nearly glabrous annual, with a rather thick root ; the stems erect, or, 

 in dry situations, dectimbent at the base, much branched, about a foot 

 high, or in water as much as 2 feet. Leaves often opposite, pinnate, with 

 short, ovate, crenate or deeply cut segments ; the floral ones alternate, and 

 often twice pinnate. Flowers almost sessile in the axils of the upper leaves, 

 of a deep purple-red. Calyx broad, with 2 broad, short, irregularly cut 

 or jagged lobes. Upper hp of the corolla with 2 minute teeth on its inner 

 edge just below the point, and 2 others below its middle. Capsule obHque, 

 the short point projecting beyond the calyx. 



In marshes, wet meadows, and watery ditches, in northern and central 

 Europe, and Russian Asia, from the Altai to the Arctic regions. Generally 

 spread over Britain, but not so common as the following species. Fl. all 

 summer. 



2. Connaon Pedicularis. Pedicularis sylvatica, Lmn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 400. Louseivort.) 

 Eootstock perennial, with prostrate or spreading, branching stems, sel- 



