540 THE BTJSH FAMILY. 



In rocky and gravelly situations, in northern and Arctic Europe and Asia, 

 and in the higher mountains of central Europe. In Britain, only in the 

 Highlands of Scotland, where it is frequent on stony summits. Fl. summer. 



14. Chestnut Rush. Juncus castaneus, Sm. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 900.) 



The rootatock emits creeping runners. Stems 6 inches to a foot high, 

 ■with a few rather short, grass-like, and channelled radical leaves, and 1 or 2 

 on the stem itself, all ending in a fine, nearly cylindrical tip. Flowers rather 

 large, dark brown, in 1, 2, or 3 clusters at the top of the stem ; the outer 

 bract rather longer than the flowers. Perianth-segments pointed, nearly 2 

 hues long. Capsule oblong, brown and shining, often near twice the length 

 of the perianth. 



In wet, rocky places, in the mountains of northern Europe, Asia, and 

 America, extending all round the Arctic Circle, and at great elevations in 

 the principal mountain-chains of central Europe. In Britain, confined to 

 the Scotch Highlands, where it is very local. Fl. summer. 



15. Ttvo-flo^vered Rush. Juncus biglumis, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 898, and J. triglwmis, t. 899.) 



Leaves radical, sheathing the base of the stem, short and grass-like. 

 Stems tufted, 6 to 8 inches high, each with a single terminal cluster of 2, 3, 

 or rarely 5 or 6 rather large, brown fiowers ; the outer bract seldom longer 

 thp»n the fl.owers. Perianth-segments obtuse, scarious on the edges, 1^ to 2 

 lines long. Capsule as long or longei-, more or less obtuse. 



In mountain bogs, in northern and Arctic Europe, Asia, and America, 

 and at great elevations in the mountain-ranges of central Europe. In Bri- 

 tain, not unfrequent in the Scotch Highlands, extending into northern Eng- 

 land and Noith Wales. Fl. summer. Two forms of this plant have been 

 distinguished as species, the two-flowered variety (J. higlwmis), chiefly 

 Arctic, usually with only 2 flowers, a small leafy tip to the outer bract, and 

 a short, very obtuse capsule ; and the more common three-flowered variety 

 {J. trighmiis), with 3 or more flowers, no leafy tip to the bract, and a longer, 

 less obtuse capsule ; but each of these characters will be found to vary occa- 

 sionally in the same tuft, and not always to correspond with each other. Both 

 varieties occur in Scotland. 



II. 'WOODRUSH. LUZIJLA. 



Perennial herbs, differing from Rush in their softer, flatter, grass-hke 

 leaves, often fringed with a few long, white hairs, and especially in their 

 capsules not divided into 3 cells, and containing no more than 3 much 

 larger erect seeds. 



A genus widely distributed over the northern hemisphere, usually in 

 woods, meadows, and pastures, in drier situations than the Rushes. 

 Flowers panicled. 



Flowers single on each pedicel 1. Hairy W. 



Flowers in clusters of 2, 3, or 4 on each pedicel. 

 Plant 2 or 3 feet high, with numerous flowers in a compound 



panicle 2. Great W. 



Alpine plant, not 6 inches high, with 3 or 4 small clusters of flowers 3. Cureed W. 

 Fiowers in compact, ovoid heads. 



Flower-heads 3 or 4, the outer ones pedicellate 4. Tield W. 



Flower-heads nearly sessile, forming a dense terminal spike ... 5. Spikud W. 



