CTPEEACE^. 559 



and in the mountains of central and southern Europe to the Caucasus, 

 and in North America. Spread over many parts of Britain, and abundant 

 in some bogs, but not very general. Fl. early summer. An alpine variety, 

 with smaller spikelets, has been distinguished under the names of C vitilk, 

 or C. Persoonii. 



10. Remote Cares. Carex remota, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 832.) 



Distinguished from aU other British species, with mixed spikelets male at 

 the base, by the small pale spikelets at considerable distances from each other, 

 the outer bracts of the 3 or 4 lower ones always very long and leaf- like. 

 Stems slender, a foot high or more. Spikelets smaller than in the whitish 0. 

 Fruits tapering into a point, but not so long as in the elongated C. The 

 terminal spikelet has male flowers in the lower half, the others only a few 

 at the base, and the lowest is often entirely female. 



In woods, and moist, shady places, generally dispersed over Europe and 

 central and Russian Asia, except the extreme nortli. Frequent in England 

 and Ireland, less so in Scotland. Fl. early summer. 



11. Axillary CareK. Cares axillaris, Gooden. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 993, and C. Bmnninghauseniana, Suppl. t. 2910.) 



A rather tall species, with leafy stems often 2 feet high, allied on the 

 one hand to the remote C, but the spikelets are not so distant, and the 

 lowest is eitlier branched, or there are 2 or 3 together, either sessile or 

 very shortly stalked, and only one or two of the lower bracts are leaf-like. 

 On the other hand, the clustered lower spikelets show an approach to the 

 panicled C, and, as in that species, there are a few male flowers at the top 

 of the terminal spikelets ; but the inflorescence is nuich more slender, the 

 spikelets much more distant, and there are usually a few male flowers at 

 the base of most of them. From the remote-flowered forms of the prickly C. 

 it differs in the longer spikelets, the much more leafy lower bract, and the 

 fruit flatter, with very acute edges. 



G-enerally distributed over Europe and Russian Asia, except the extreme 

 north, but not very common. Very local in England and Ireland, and not 

 known in Scotland. FL early smnmer. 



12. Panicled Carex. Carex paniculata, Linn. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 1064.) 



A stout species, forming large tufts ; the stems attaining from 1 to 3 or 

 even 4 feet in height, and more or less triangular, but never so much so as 

 in the fox C. ; the leaves in luxuriant specimens longer than the stem, 

 and 3 or 4 lines broad, in poorer specimens much shorter and narrower. 

 Spikelets numei-ous, brown, crowded into a compound spike or panicle, 

 sometimes 4 or 5 inches long, with the lower branches spreading and an 

 inch long, sometimes contracted into a spike like that of the fox C, but 

 more slender. The individual spikelets are sessile, mostly with a few male 

 flowers at the top, the outer bracts scarious at the edges, the lowest some- 

 times with short, fine points. Styles 2-eleft. Fruits ovate, beaked, marked 

 on the inner face with several longitudinal ribs or veins. 



In marshes and bogs, throughout Europe and Russian Asia, except the 

 extreme north, and in North America. Generally distributed over Britain. 

 Fl. early summer. It varies much in the degree of development of the in- 

 florescence, as well as in the nerves or ribs of tlie fruit. A small variety, dis- 



