CYPEEACEJE. 561 



intermediate spikes, very few at the top of the lowest. Fruits much flat- 

 tened, tapering into a beak, and winged as in the oval C, from which this 

 species differs in the creeping rootstock and in the male flowers at the top, 

 not at the base of the spikelets. 



In maritime sands, on the coasts of Europe, western Asia, and North 

 America. Abundant all round Britain. JFl. all summer. 



The intermediate C. (C. intermedia, Eng. Bot. t. 2042, C. disticha, Bab. 

 Man.) appears to be merely an mland variety, not uncommon in marshy 

 gi'ound and wet meadows, in Europe and Russian Asia, and ocom'ring in 

 various parts of England, Ireland, and southern Scotland. It is usually 

 taller and more slender and leafy, and the fruits are generally, but not 

 always, longer and less distinctly winged. 



16. Divided Carex. Careic divisa, Huds. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 1096.) 



Rootstock creeping, hard, and almost woody ; the stems usually short, 

 but always more slender than in the sand C. Spikelets few and short, 

 crowded into an ovoid or oblong spike or head, seldom above half an inch 

 long, all, especially the upper ones, with several male flowers at the top. 

 Styles 2-cleft. Fruits scarcely flattened, not winged, varying much in the 

 length of their beak. 



Chiefly a seacoast plant, but found occasionally inland, in marshes and 

 swamps, in southern Europe, extending eastward to the Caucasus and Hima- 

 laya, and up the western coasts to the British Channel. In Britain, frequent 

 on some of the eastern and southern coasts of England and Ireland, but 

 scarcely extending to the north of England. Fl. early summer. 



17. Curved Cares. Cares incurva, Lightf. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 927.) 



Rootstock creeping ; the stems not above 2 or 3 inches liigh, often 

 curved as well as the rush-like leaves, wliich are usually about the same 

 length. Spikelets 3 or 4, closely packed into a broadly ovoid, brown head, 

 each with a few male flowers at the top. Styles 2-clel't. Fruits broad, 

 rather inflated, tapering into a short beak projecting beyond the glumes. 



A northern, chiefly Arctic species, in Europe and Russian Asia, and per- 

 haps also in the Alps of central Eui'ope and Asia, but there generally re- 

 placed by a closely aUied species with a 3 -cleft style. In Britain, only on 

 the sandy sea-shores of northern Scotland. Fl. summer. 



18. Russet Carex. Carex saxatilis, Linn. 



(C. pulla, Eng. Bot. t. 2045, and C. Grahami, Suppl. t. 2923.) 

 Rootstock creeping ; the scaly runners ending in tufts of leaves. Stems 

 usually shortly decumbent at the base, 8 inches to a foot high or rather 

 more, and lealy. Spikelets about 3 or 4, distant from each other ; the ter- 

 minal one or two cylindrical and small ; the lower 3, 2, or 1 female, ovoid, of 

 a dark brown, about 6 or 8^Uues long ; the lowest on a slender stalk, with a 

 leafy bract at its base. Style 2-cleft. Fruit ovoid, inflated, longer than 

 the glume, with a very short point or beak. 



Limited to the Arctic and liigh northern regions of Europe. In Britain, 

 only in the higher Scotch moimtains. Fl. summer. 



19. Tufted Carex. Carex csespitosa, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 1507. C. vulgaris, Brit. Fl.) 



A very variable species, but (with the following, acute C.) readily known 



