CTPEEACEiE. 569 



eastward to the Caucasus, and northward into southern Scandinavia, and 

 in North America. Spread over a gi-eat part of England and Ireland, but 

 not very common, and rare in Scotland, if really found there at all. Fl. 

 early summer. 



44. Pendulous Carex. Carex pendula, Huds. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 2315.) 



One of the largest of our Carexes. Stems stout, triangular, leafy, 3 to 5 

 feet high. Leaves long, and often near \ inch broad. Spikelets 4 to 6 inches 

 long, more or less di-ooping, the terminal one male ; females 3 or 4, at some 

 distance from the male, their stalks almost concealed in the sheaths of the 

 long, leafy bracts. Glumes ovate-lanceolate, brown, with a green centre. 

 Styles 3-cleft. Fruits small, ci'owded, ovoid, with a very short beak. 



In woods and shady places, in central and southern Europe, extending 

 eastward to the Caucasus and northward to the Channel, but scarcely 

 into northern Germany. In Britain, scattered over England, Ireland, and 

 southern Scotland. Fl. early summer. 



45. Bottle Cares. Cares aiupuUacea, Gooden. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 780.) 



A stout, tufted species, the stems scarcely angled, 1 to 3 feet high, with 

 long leaves. Spikelets 1 to 2 inches long or even more ; males 2 or 3, the 

 terminal one longer than the others ; females 2 or 3, erect, cylindrical, 

 compact, the lowest shortly stalked. Leafy bracts rather long, without 

 sheaths. Styles 3-cleft. Fruits ovoid, inflated, pointed, with a rather 

 long beak, spreading horizontally. 



In bogs and marshes, in central and northern Europe, and central and 

 Eussian Asia, from northern Spain and Italy to the Arctic regions, and in 

 North America. Generally spread over Britain. Fl. early summer. 



46. Bladder Carex. Cares vesicaria, Linn. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 779.) 



Very near the bottle C, but the stem is more angular, the spikelets 

 rather shorter, and the fruits, although inflated as in that species, are more 

 conical, tapering more gradually into the beak. 



The geographical distribution is nearly the same as that of the bottle C, 

 extending from Spain to the Arctic regions, and all across Russian Asia 

 into North America. In Britaia, however, it is less frequent, and does not 

 extend so far north. Fl. spring and early summer. 



47. raarsh Cares. Cares paludosa, Gooden. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 807.) 



A stout, long-leaved species, with a creeping rootstock and triangular stems, 

 2 to 3 feet high. Male spikelets 2 or 3, above an inch long, and sessile. 

 Female spikelets 2 or 3, rather distant, cylindrical, often 2 inches long, 

 sessile, or the lowest shortly stalked. Bracts leafy, without sheaths. Glumes 

 more or less pointed. Styles 3-cleft. Fruits ovate, slightly 3-angled, but 

 much flattened, tapering into a very short, spreading point or beak. 



In wet meadows, and marshes, thi-oughout Europe and central and Rus- 

 sian Asia, except the extreme north. Frequent in England, Ireland, and 

 southern Scotland, less so in the north. Fl. spring and early summer. A 

 taller variety, with longer female spikelets, on longer stalks, more pointed 

 glumes, and a more distinct beak to the fruit, has been distinguished as a 



3 c2 



