UBAMINE^. 577 



of England than the other species, except the glahrons P. Fl. summer 

 and autumn. 



6. Cockspur Panicum. Panicuiu Crus-galli, Linn. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 876. ScJdnochloa, Bab. Man.) 



A coarse, decumbent, rather broad-leaved annual. Panicle 4 to 6 inches 

 long, irregularly pyramidal, and rather one-sided ; the spikelets larger than 

 in the preceding species, crowded or clustered along the spike-like branches, 

 the lowest of which are 1 to 2 iuclies long, dimmisliing gradually to the 

 top. Lowest glume very short and broad, the next about the lengtli of the 

 flower, empty and awnless, the third about as long, ending hi either a short 

 point or a long, coarse awn, and has often a thin palea in its axO.. Flower- 

 ing glume awnless, smooth and shining. 



Almost as common and widely-spread a vreed of hot countries, especially 

 in the old world, as the fingered P. and the glaucous P., and more abun- 

 dant than either of them in temperate Europe and Russian Asia, extending 

 northwards to southern Scandinavia. In Britam, occasionally only, as a 

 weed of cultivation in southern England. Fl. the whole summer and autumn. 



IV. HOLVGRASS. HIEEOCHLOE. 



Panicle loose and spreading (in some exotic species narrow and crowded). 

 Spikelets 3-flowered ; the 2 lower flowers male only, with 3 stamens ; the 

 uppermost smaller but hermaphrodite, with 2 stamens. Glumes aU scari- 

 ous, boat-shaped, keeled, and pointed ; the outer empty ones as long as the 

 flowers. 



A genus of several species, spread over the colder regions of both the 

 northern and southern hemispheres, and closely allied on the one hand to 

 Anthoxanth, on the other to Holcus. 



1. Northern Holygrass. Hierochloe borealis, Ecem. et Sch. 

 (Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2641.) 



A perennial, from f to \\ feet high, with a creeping rootstock, and flat 

 leaves, usually short. Panicle spreading, about 2 mches long, with slender 

 branches. Spikelets ovate, of a shining brown ; the outer glumes very 

 pointed, near 3 lines long, and glabrous. Two lower flowering glumes 

 attaining to tlie length of the outer one, but rough on the outside with 

 short hairs, each enclosing a 2-nerved palea and 3 stamens. Upper flowering 

 glume smaller and nearly glabrous, enclosing a stfll smaller 1-uerved palea 

 (or glume?), 2 stamens, and the pistil. 



In mountain pastures and waste places, at high latitudes, in northern 

 and Arctic Em-ope, Asia, and America, descending southwards to northern 

 Germany, and to the movmtains of south-eastern Germany, and reappearing 

 in New Zealand. In Britain, only near Thurso, in Caithness, where it has 

 been recently detected by Mr. K. Dick. Fl. summer. 



y. ANTHOXANTH. ANTHOXANTHUM. 



Spikelets 1-flowered, narrow, pedicellate, but crowded into a cylindrical 



3d 



