680 THE GEASS EAMILT. 



the upper leaves very loose or inflated. Spike ovoid or oblong, seldom an 

 inch long, usually assuming a purphsh hue. Outer glumes truncate as in 

 the Timothy P., but the keel lengthened into an awn, varying from 1 to 2 

 lines in length. 



In alpine pastures, in northern and Arctic Europe, Asia, and America, 

 and in the mountain-chains of central and southern Europe, the Caucasus 

 and Altai, reappearing in Antarctic America. In Britain, only in the higher 

 Scottish mountains. Fl. summer. 



3. Boehmer's Phleum. Phleum BcEhmeri, Schrad. 

 {Phalarls phleoides, Eng. Bot. t. 459.) 



An erect perennial, like the Timothy P. but usually smaller, vrith shorter 

 leaves, the sheaths not enlarged. Spike cylindrical, 1 to 3 inches long, not 

 quite so dense as in the Timothy P. Outer glumes narrow-lanceolate, 

 tapering into a minute point, without hairs on the keel, and with a narrow, 

 scarious edge. Flowering glume much smaller. Palea with a minute bristle 

 at its base outside. 



In dry fields, and waste places, generally dispersed over Europe and Eus- 

 sian Asia, except the extreme north. Eare in Britain, and chiefly found in 

 some of the eastern counties of England. Fl. summer, rather early. 



4. Rough Phleum. Phleum asperum, Jacq. 



{P. paniculatiim, Eng. Bot. t. 1077.) 



An annual, 6 mches to a foot high, with a cylindrical spike like that of 

 the Poehmer^s P., but the spikelets are smaller and more numerous. Outer 

 glumes less than a line long, of a firm texture, smooth or scarcely rough, 

 narrow at the base, enlarged upwards, and contracted rather suddenly into 

 a very short point, the lateral nerves scarcely prominent. Flowering glume 

 very small. 



In dry fields, and waste plac«s, in central and southern Europe, extending 

 eastward to the Caucasus, and northward into eastern France and central 

 Germany. Hare in Britain, if indeed it really exists in Cambridgeshire 

 and the few other English counties where it has been indicated. Fl. 

 summer. 



5. Sand Phleum. Phleum arenarium, Linn. 



{Phalaris, Eng. Bot. t. 222.) 



An erect annual, 6 to 8 inches high, with short leaves. Spike f to Ij 

 inches long, dense and nearly cylindrical, but more or less tapering at tlie 

 base. Spikelets about 1\ lines long. Outer glumes lanceolate, tapering 

 into a short point ; the keel ciliate with stifi" hairs, and a very prominent 

 nerve on each side. Flowering glume not one-third the length of the 

 outer ones. 



In maritime sands, chiefly in western Europe, extending, however, far 

 along the shores of the Baltic in the north, and the Mediterranean in the 

 south. Common on the coasts of England and Ireland, but rare in Scot- 

 land. Fl. spring and early summer. 



IX. FOXTAII.. ALOPECUEUS. 

 Spikelets 1-flowered, flat, and densely crowded into a cylindrical spike or 



