620 THE EQUISETTJM FAMILY. 



4. Shady Ziquisetuxn. Equisetuiu pratense, Ehrh. 

 (H. Drummondi, Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2777. H. wnhroswm, Brit. Fl.) 

 Allied to the ivood IS. in stature and mode of growth ; tlie fruiting stems 

 at first simple, producing whorls of branches after the spike is developed ; 

 but the branches of both fruiting and barren stems are always simple, and 

 the spike is larger. The fruiting stems at first resemble those of the field 

 E., but are much more slender. The sheaths have seldom less than 14, 

 and usually about 20 strise, and long, subulate teeth. 



In moist woods, and shady places, generally distributed over the range of 

 the wood E., in Em-ope, Asia, and North America, but probably nowhere so 

 common. Has been found in various parts of Scotland, northern and 

 central England, and northern Ireland. Fr. late in spring, and summer. 



5. Smooth Equisetum. Equisetum limosuin, Linu. 

 (Eng. Bot. t. 929.) 



Stems mostly fruiting, 1 to 2 feet high oi- more, all, including the barren 

 ones, simple, or with few short, simple branches at the middle or upper 

 nodes ; the striee usually about 12 to 20, and promment. Sheaths about 

 3 or 4 lines long, with shortly subulate or pointed teeth.* Spike about 6 to 

 9 lines long, obtuse. 



In marshy places, wet ditches, or shallow waters, throughout Europe and 

 Russian Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. Common in 

 Britain. Fr. summer. 



6. Marsh Equisetum. Equisetum palustre, Linn. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 2021.) 



Stems mostly fruiting, but all nearly similar, erect, about 1 to 1^ feet high, 

 much thinner than in the smooth H., and marked with only about 6 to 8 

 prominent strite or angles, and deep furrows ; the branches but few in a 

 whorl, not very long, and not so tliin as in some species. Sheaths 3 or 4 

 hues, with as many pointed or shortly subulate teeth as striee. Spike as in 

 the smooth U. 



In marshes and spongy bogs, in Europe and Russian Asia, from the 

 Mediterranean to the Arctic regions, but perhaj)3 not in North America. 

 Common in Britain. Fr. summer, 



7. Rough Equisetum. Equisetum hyemale, Linn. 



(Eng. Bot. t. 915. Scouring Rush.) 



Stems mostly fruiting, but all similar and simple, or rarely with very 

 few branches, 1 to 2 feet high or more, faintly marked with 15 to 20 strise, 

 and rough to the touch. Sheaths 3 to 5 lines long, white, with black rings 

 round the top and the base ; the teeth very minute and blunt, or rarely 

 shortly subulate. Spike 6 to 9 lines long, with a little conical point on the 

 rounded top. 



In marshes and wet woods, in Europe and Russian Asia, extending from 

 Spain and Italy to the Arctic regions, but more common in the north, and 

 in North America. In Britain, chiefly in Scotland, Ireland, and northern 

 and central England. Fr. summer, rather late. 



8. Iiong Equisetum. Equisetum ramosum., Schleich. 

 {E. MacJcayi, Brit. Fl. E. trachyodon and E. Moorei, Bab. Man.) 

 Very near the rough E., with the same little conical point to the spike, 



