SYNGENESIA— POLYGAM.-^QU. Arctium. 379 



rendered mild and eatable by culture. Leaves oblong 

 pinnatifid and toothed. Fl. blue, large and handsome. 



1. C. Intyhiis. Wild Succory. 



Flowers in pairs, both nearly sessile. Leaves runcinate. 



C. Intybus. Linn. Sp. PI. 1 1 42. Wdld. v. 3. 1 628. Fl. Br. 843. 



Engl. Bot. V. 8. t. 539. Curt. Lond.fasc. 4. t. 56. Mart. Rust. 



f. 144. n'oodv. suppl. t. 248. Hook. ScQt.2ZA. Fl. Dan. t. 907. 

 C. n. 1. Hall. Hist. v.\. \. 

 C. sylvestre. Rail Si/n. 172. Ger. Em. 284. f. Matth.Valgr.v. I. 



458./. Bauh. Hist. r. 2."1007./. 1008. 

 C. sylvestre, sive officinarum. Bauh. Pin. 125. 

 Cichorea. Trag. Hist. 272. f. 

 Intubus sylvestris. Canier. Epit. 285. f. 

 Intubum sylvestre. Fuchs. Hist. 679. f. 7c. 390./. 

 I. sylvestre angustifolium. Dalech. Hist. 557. f. 

 Wild Succory. Petiv. H. Brit. 1. 14./. 1 1 . 



About the borders and ridges of fields, and by road sides, chiefly 

 on a gravelly or chaliiy soil, frequent. 



Perennial. July, August. 



Root spindle-shaped, fleshy, whitish, milky. Stem 2 or 3 feet high, 

 either erect or oblique, solid, round, furrowed, rough with bristly 

 hairs, leafy, alternately branched, very tough. Radical leaves 

 numerous, spreading, above a span long, runcinate, toothed, 

 roughish ; those on the stem much smaller, sessile, less lobed, 

 the upper ones heart-shaped, taper-pointed, entire. Fl. large and 

 handsome, of a beautiful bright blue, axillary, in pairs, all nearly 

 or quite sessile. CaZ. roughish. Anth. and stigm.hh\e. 



The root roasted is a substitute for Coffee in some parts of Ger- 

 many, and is said, when simply dried, to have served to make 

 bread. The herb, in a luxuriant cultivated state, is an excellent 

 early fodder for horses and cows. Prof. Martyn has detailed all 

 its agricultural properties. 



Sometimes the^ou-ers are found of a brilliant white. 



* * Florets all tubular, with a Jive-cleft spreading limb ; an 

 entirely natural order. 



Compositce, a, capitatce. Linn. 49. Cinarocephalce. Juss. 54. 

 See Grammar 121. 



382. ARCTIUM. Burdock. 



Linn. Gen. 407. Fl. Br.844. 



Lappa. Juss. 173. Tourn.t. 256. Lam.t.665. Gcerin. t. 162. 



Common Cal. globular, imbricated, of numerous, lanceo- 

 late, tapering scales, ending in awl-shaped, hooked, in- 



