SYNGENESIA— POLYGAM.-^QU. Serratula. 383 



Seed-down shorter than the Jiorets, bristly, unequal, yellowish, 

 partly rough, not feathery. 



This plant gives a yellow colour to wool, for which purpose Lin- 

 naeus says it is much used in Sweden. Haller records, on the 

 authority of some foreign writers, that the above colour, fixed 

 by means of alum, is both beautiful and permanent, and with 

 the addition of blue, makes a better green than either Reseda 

 Luteola, or Genista tinctoria, for dyeing wool or silk. 



The Rev. R. Bree, Mr. R. Brown and the late Mr. T. Smith have 

 observed the flowers of this species to be in effect dioecious, 

 those on one plant having imperfect anthers, those on another 

 abortive stigmas. See Tr. of Linn. Sac. v. 12. 123. v. 13.593. 



2. S. alpina. Alpine Saw-wort, 



Leaves undivided, distantly toothed ; cottony beneath. 

 Calyx rather ovate, finely downy. Seed-down feathery. 



S. alpina. Linn. Sj).Vl.\\\^. Willd.v.^. \&A\. Fl. Br. S46. 

 EngLBot.v.9.t.599. Light/. 448. t. 19. Hook. Scot. 235. 



Cirsium n. 179. Hall. Hist. v. 1. 77. t. 6. 



C. humile montanum, Cynoglossi folio, polyanthemum. Raii Syn. ' 

 193. Dill. Elth. 82. t. 70. 



C. alpinum, Boni Henrici folio. Tourn. List. 448. 



Carduo-cirsium minus, cambro-britannicum,floribusplurimis sum- 

 mo caule congestis. Pluk. Alrnag. 83. Phyt.t. 154. f. 3. 



Carduus mollis, foliis lapathi. Ger. Em. 1 184. /'. 



C. mollis, lapathi folio. Bauh. Hist. v. 3. 46. f. 47. Clus. Pann. 

 663./. 664. 



/3. Serratula alpina. Fl.Dan. t. 37. 



Cirsium montanum polyanthemum, salicis folio angusto denticu- 

 lato. Raii Syn. 193. 



In the fissures of alpine rocks. 



On Snowdon, and other high mountains of North Wales. Ray. 

 In several parts of the Highlands of Scotland. Light/. Hooker. 



Perennial. July, August. 



Root rather woody, blackish. Stems simple, erect, round, downy, 

 from 3 to 12 inches high. Leaves very various in length and 

 breadth, usually ovate, inclining to heart-shaped; in /3 lanceo- 

 late, or linear ; always acute, with unequal, sharp, spinous 

 teeth, not sufficiently expressed, as Haller observes, in the 

 wooden cuts of Clusius and others ; the upper side of a fine 

 green, and nearly smooth ; under cottony, very white : the 

 lower leaves on longish channelled /oo^s<a/A:A-. Fl. few, in a co- 

 rymbose tuft, pink with blue anthers, very handsome, the partly 

 downy calyx-scales tipped with purjjle or brown. Seed-down as 

 long as the corolla, copiously feathery. 



