392 SYNGENESIA— POLYGAMIA-^QU. Cnicus, 



Wiltshire downs, between Boyton house and Fonthill, abun- 

 dantly. A. B. Lambert, Esq. There I gathered it in 1819. 



Perennial. August. 



Root woody, creeping, sending down perpendicularly many ellip- 

 tical, tapering, fleshy knobs, externally blackish. Stem about 

 2 feet high, erect, straight, nearly solid, round, furrowed, hairy, 

 leafy, not at all winged j either quite simple and single-flowered, 

 or dividing with a branch or two near the top. Leaves green 

 and downy above ; pale and cottony beneath ; all deeply pin- 

 natifid, with divided spinous-pointed lobes, fringed with fine 

 prickles 5 the lower ones on long, sYighily v/inged footstalks ; 

 upper nearly sessile ; none decurrent. Fl. solitary at the sum- 

 mit of the stem or branch, erect, bright purple, twice the size 

 of C. palustris or arvensis, and more resembling heterophyllus, 

 but smaller. Cal. ovate, with spreading, leafy scales, a little 

 cottony, several of the outermost tipped with small spines. Seeds 

 short, obovate, with long, slender, feathery down. 



Gerarde's figure, p. 728./. 6, cannot be intended for this plant. 



7. C. heterophyllus. Melancholy Plume-thistle. 



Leaves clasping the stem, fringed ; undivided or pinnati- 

 fid ; very smooth above ; densely cottony beneath. Stem 

 downy, almost single-flowered. 



C. heterophyllus. Wmd. Sp. PL 1673. Comp. ed. 4. 134. Hook. 



Scot. 237. Lond. t. 27. 

 Carduus heterophyllus. Linn. Sp. PI. 1 154. Fl. Br. 853. Engl. 



Bot.v.\0. t.675. Hull V. 1.235. Fl. Dan. t. 109. 

 C. helenioides. Huds. 352. Light/. 457. JVith. 702. 

 Cirsium n. 180. Hall. Hist. v. 1. 77- 1. 7. 

 C. anglicum secundum. Clus. Hist. v. 2. 148./ Ger. Em. ] 183./ 



Pennei. 

 C. brilannicum. Clus. Pann. 657./ 658. 

 C. britannicum Clusii repens. Raii Syn. 193. Bauli. Hist. v. 3. 



p. 1.46./. Millie. 63. t.94. 

 Northern thistle. Petiv.H. Brit. t. 22./. 2. 



In moist mountain pastures in the north. 



In the mountainous parts of Yorkshire, Westmoreland and Wales. 

 Ray and Dillenius. In the inland Highlands of Scotland, not 

 unfrequent. Light/ In some parts of the Lowlands. Hook. A 

 little way up Ben Lomond. 



Perennial. July, August, 



Root creeping. Stem 3 feet high, erect, hollow in the centre, 

 leafy, round, cottony, mostly simple and single-flowered, some- 

 times divided and bearing a smaller lateral flower. Leaves lan- 

 ceolate, pointed, fringed with copious, unequal, fine, bristly ra- 

 ther than prickly, serratures ; bright green and very smooth 



