SYNGENESIA— POLYGAMIA-tEQU. Bidens. 397 



1. C. vulgaris. Common Carline-thistle. 



Stem corymbose, many-flowered. Flowers terminal. Outer 

 calyx-scales pinnatifid ; inner whitish. 



C. vulgaris Linn. Sp. Pl.X\6\. Willd. v. 3. 1 C96. Fl. Br. 857. • 



Engl. Bot. r. 1 6. <. 11 44. Hook. Scot. 238. 

 C. n. 182. Hall. Hist. V. 1.79. 

 C. sylvestris quibusdam, aliis Atractylis. Kaii Syn. 175. Bauh. 



Hi!,Lv.3.p. 1.81./. 

 C. sylvestris major. Ger. Em. 1 159./. 

 Carduus. Brunf. Herb. v. 2. 65./. 

 C. vulgaris. Matth. Falgr. v. 2. 32./. 

 C. sylvestris. Camer. Epit. 439./. 

 C. vulgatissimus viarum. Lob. lev. 2. 20./. 

 Atractylis mitior. Fuchs. Hist. 121./. 

 A. vulgaris minor. Fuchs. Ic. 66./ 

 Acarna. Dalech. Hist. 1484./. 

 Common Carline. Peiiv.H. Brit. t. 15./. 10. 



In dry sandy heathy pastures and fields. 



Biennial. June. 



J?ooi tapering, small. Stem erect, firm, round, 10 or 12 inches 

 high, leafy, downy, somewhat corymbose. Leaves lanceolate, 

 sinuated and wavy, green, veiny, rigid, copiously bordered with 

 prickles ; sometimes quite smooth, but more commonly downy 

 or woolly beneath. Fl. terminal, solitary, of a singular aspect, 

 and not inelegantly variegated ; the florets red, with yellow an- 

 thers and stigmas; the radiating scales of the calyx cream-co- 

 loured, polished, hygrometrical, changing their position accord- 

 ing to the moisture of the atmosphere. 



This genus was named after the Emperor Charlemagne, because, 

 according to report, one of its species, C. acaulis, was pointed 

 out to him by an angel, to cure his army of the plague. Its root 

 is pungent, bitter and tonic ; but the large white everlasting 

 Jlowcr is perhaps most useful, when nailed upon cottage doors, 

 in Germanj', France or Italy, by way of a hygrometer, as it 

 closes before rain. 



*** Florets all tuhular, crovoded, erect and parallel, level- 

 toyped, forming a discoid Jlo-doer., mthoiit a radius of 

 any hind, except casually. 



388. BIDENS. Bur-marigold. 



Linn. Gen. 412. Juss. 188. Fl. Br. 858. Town. t. 262. Lam. 



t.668. Gartn.t.\67. 

 Nat. Ord. Composifce, ?, oppositifolice. Linn. 49. Corymhi- 



fercr, sect. 6. Juss. .5.5. See Grammar 124. 



