410 SYNGENESIA-POLYGAMIA-SUPERF. Inula. 



1 . I. Helenium. Elecatnpane. 



Leaves ovate, rugged, clasping the stem ; downy beneath. 

 Calyx-scales ovate, leafy. 



1. Helenium. Linn. Sp. PL 1236. Willd.v. 3. 2089. Fl.Br.89\. 

 Engl. Bot. V. 22. t. 1546. Woodv. t. \ 08. Hook. Scot. 245. Fl. 

 Dan. t. 728. 



Aster n. 72. Hall. Hist. i\ 1. 31. 



Helenium. Rati Syn. 176. Ger. Em.793.f. Matth. Valgr.v. \. 



65./. Corner. Epit. 35. f. Fuchs. Hist. 242. f. 7c. 135./. Lob. 



7c. 574./ 

 H. vulgare. Bauh. Pin. 276, not 267. 

 H. majus. Cord. Hist. 142./. 

 EXsviov. Diosc. let. 141. 

 Elecampane. Petiv. H. Brit. t. 16./ 1. 



In moist meadows and pastures, not common, though certainly 

 wild, which Haller thought was not the case in Switzerland. 



Frequent in Essex; about St. Ives, Cornwall, and Bugden, Hun- 

 tingdonshire ; also between Denbigh and St. Asaph. Huds. In 

 several parts of Norfolk and Suffolk, and on Warboys Common, 

 Huntingdonshire. Mr. Woodward. Near Dalton, Lancashire. 

 Mr. Atkinson. Between Ulverstone and Foulness. Mr. Crowe. 

 I noticed it in 1795 between Worcester and Ludlow, and be- 

 tween Bishop's Castle and New Town, Montgomeryshire, 



Perennial. July, August. 



Root thick, branching, aromatic, bitter and mucilaginous. Stem 

 3 feet high, leafy, round, furrowed, solid ; branched, and most 

 downy, in the upper part. Leaves large, ovate, serrated, veiny ; 

 downy and hoary at the back ; radical ones stalked ; the rest 

 sessile, clasping the stem. 7^/. solitary at the downy summits of 

 the branches, 2 inches broad, bright yellow. Scales of the calyx 

 broad, recurved, leafy, finely downy on both sides. Rays very 

 numerous, long and narrow, each terminating in 3 unequal 

 teeth. Seeds quadrangular, smooth. Down roughish. Recept. 

 reticulated, not quite smooth or naked. 



Various preparations of the boiled root, mixed with sugar, have 

 been recommended to promote expectoration, and to strengthen 

 the stomach. Some think a spirituous extract contains more of 

 its aromatic and tonic properties. The plant is generally kept 

 in rustic gardens, on account of many traditional virtues. 



2. I. dysenterica. Common F|ea-bane. 



Leaves oblong, downy, clasping the stem with their heart- 

 shaped base. Stem woolly, panicled. Calyx-scales bris- 

 tle-shaped, hairy. 



I. dysenterica. Linn. Sp. PL Viol . W'j/W. r. 3. 209 1 . 77. 7?r. 891. 



