32 PENTANDRIA— DIGYNIA. Gentlana. 



where the soil is chalky or gravelly, in many parts of England 

 and Scotland. 



Annual. September, October. 



Herb rather paler than the last, and of more humble growth, vary- 

 ing greatly in luxuriance. Stem somewhat corymbose, with 

 simple j^o«;er-sta//i;s of various lengths. Leaves ovate, acute, 

 3-ribbed. Fl. somewhat larger and paler than in G. Amarella, 

 four-cleft, essentially distinguished by having the 2 outer and 

 opposite segments of the calyx ovate and very broad, covering 

 the 2 inner, which are narrow and lanceolate, or even awl- 

 shaped } all deeply separated, and minutely fringed. Styles 

 and stigmas like the last. None of the earlier figures express 

 this form of the calyx, and therefore none of them can safely be 

 referred to the present species, which appears, by various Swiss 

 specimens, to be Haller's n. 650, thought by him difficult to 

 ascertain ; and which is certainly the campestris of Linnseus, 

 who noticed its essential character in Fl. Lapp. n. 94. The 

 wooden cut of Tillands, Ic. 46, appears on examination copied 

 from that of Clusius and Gerarde, referred above to G. nivalis. 



The foreign species of Gentiana, notwithstanding the labours of 

 several excellent botanists, still require examination, with re- 

 gard to their specific differences, and especially their synonyms. 



To the end of Pentanbbia Digynia is an entirely 

 natural Order, 



XJmhellatce. Linn. 45. Umhelliferce. Juss. 60. See Gram- 

 mar, 132 — 135. 



[I have now first attempted to arrange and characterize the 

 genera of this Natural Order, by the parts of fructification 

 alone, according to the wise principles taught by Linnaeus; 

 but against which he himself, in this instance, transgressed. 

 To understand this arrangement, of which the technical 

 characters are to be found at the head of the present order, 

 Peiitandria Digynia, it is necessary to give a detailed ac- 

 count of the parts in question. 



Calyx superior, of 5, more or less unequal, leaves, or teeth, 

 permanent, and somewhat enlarged, after floweruig, fre- 

 quently obsolete in the flower ; and sometimes a mere rim, 

 either entire or notched ; sometimes altogether wanting. 



Corolla of 5 petals, deciduous, equal, or mostly unequal ; 

 each petal either inversely heart-shaped, with an inflexed 

 point between the lobes, which are sometimes unequal ; 

 or roundish, or elliptic-oblong, straight or inflexed, and 

 undivided; the whole petal in some cases involute, or 

 rolled in upon itself, as is seen in Bupleurum. 



