ICOSANDRIA— POLYGYNIA. Rubus. 399 



gether into a round head. Sti/les 1 to each germen, lateral, 

 short, ascending, permanent, elongated after the flowering, 

 Siiginas obtuse, permanent. Beny compound, globr.lar, 

 concave, deciduous, of several round, juicy, combined 

 grains, upon a conical, dry, spongy receptacle. Seeds soli- 

 tary, ovate-oblong, keeled, hard, wrinkled and pitted. 

 Plants all perennial. Stems shrubby, rarely herbaceous ; 

 bi-anched or simple ; erect, ascending, or trailing ; angu- 

 lar or round ; leafy, usually prickly, as well as the whole 

 of the herbage, which is also hairy, often downy, 

 or partly glandular and bristly. Leaves alternate, 

 stalked ; pinnate, digitate, somewhat }iedate, ternate, or 

 simple ; veiny, serrated, or unequally jagged or notched ; 

 most downy beneath. Stipulas linear-lanceolate, often 

 very narrow, in pairs, attached to, or entirely originating 

 from, the base of each footstalk. Ft. terminal, white or 

 red, inodorous ; in the shrubby species numerously ag- 

 gregate, and variously panicled, from the erect or ascend- 

 ing stems of the preceding year ; in most of the herba- 

 ceous ones solitary and upright. Fnirt black, crimson, 

 or yellowish, wholesome, in many cases highly grateful. 

 The seeds have only one testa, or skin, lined with a 

 simple membrana, ox film -, see Grammar, 26. They are 

 not therefore nuts, as they want an external shell ; nor 

 are the grains dru2)as, though the seeds are solitary. 



* Stem shrubby, angular. 



1 . R. Jhilicosus. Common Bramble, or Black- 

 berry. 



Stems angular, furrowed ; barren ones arched and elon- 

 gated. Prickles hooked. Leaves pedate, of five, stalked, 

 ovate-oblong lealiecs; white and downy beneath. Pa- 

 nicle cylindrical, twice compound. Calyx reflexed, un- 

 armed. 



R. fruticosus. Linn. Sp. PI. 707. Herb. Linn. n. 5. WilU.v.2. 

 1084. F/. Br. 543. Engl. Bot.v.\0.t.7\5. Hook. Scot. 160 '>. 

 Weihe and Nees Rub. Germ. 24. /. 7. 



R. n. 1109. Hall. Hist.v. 2. 42. 



R. major, tVuctu nigro. Binh. Hist. v. 2. 57./. Chubr. Ic. 109./. 

 Rail Si/n. 407. 



Rubas. Loh.Obs.6\9.f. Ic. v. 2. 211. f. Dad. Pempt 742./. 

 Ger. Em. 1272./. Camer. Epit. 7o[.f. 



/3 R vulgaris major, fiuctu albo. Raii Sijn. 467. 



In hedges, thickets and woods, common. 



