ICOSANDRIA— POLYGYNIA. Geum. 429 



Root perennial, woody, astringent. Stem herbaceous, not 

 much branched. Leaves green on both sides, hairy, in- 

 terruptedly pinnate, lyrate, rarely simple, variously cut. 

 Fl. terminal, one or many, 'yellow, seldom reddish or 

 brownish, inodorous, often handsome. Natives of Europe 

 or America, in cold or temperate climates, or on mountains. 



1. G. urbanum. Common Avens. Herb Bennet. 



Leaves ternate; radical ones somewhat lyrate. Stipulas 



rounded, cut. Flowers nearly upright. Styles naked. 

 G. urbanum. Linn. Sp. PL 716. Willd. ?;. 2. 1 1 13. Fl. Br. 554. 



Engl. Bot.v.20.t. 1400. Curt.Lond.fasc.2. t.36. Woodv.suppl 



t. 259. Hook. Scot. 1 65. Fl. Dan. l 672. 

 G. n. 1 130. Hall. Hist. v. 2. 52. 



Caryophyllata. RaiiSyn.253. Ger.Em.994.f. Dod.Pempt. I37.f. 

 ' Mutth.Falgr.v. 2.333. f. Camer. Epit.725.f. Brunf. Herb. 



V. 2. 42./. Tillands Ic. 34. /. 

 C. hortensis. Fuchs. Hist. 384. f. 

 C. vulgaris. Bauh. Pin. 321 , 

 Avens, Herb Bennet. Pet. H. Brit. t. 40./. 1 . 

 (3. mild. V. 2. 1 1 14. Fl. Br. 554. 



Geum intermedium. Ehrh. Beitr. v. 6. 143. Herb. 106. 

 G. rivale jS. Fl. Br. 555. 



Caryophyllata vulgaris, majoreflore. Bauh. Pin. 32\. RaiiSyn.253. 

 C. sylvestris. Fuchs. Hist. 385. f. 

 Great-flowered Avens. Pet. H. Brit. t. 40. f. 2. 



In woods, shady dry hedges and thickets, frequent. 



(3. Near St. Helen's well, by Darlington. Mr. Robson. In a low 

 shady grove, by the river, at Matlock bath, Derbyshire. 



Perennial. May — August. 



Root of many stout brown fibres, astringent, and in some degree 



, aromatic, said to give an agreeable clove-like flavour to beer, 

 and even to wine. Stem 2 feet high, erect, round, rough and 

 finely hairy ,• branched at the upper part, bearing several flowers. 

 Radical leaves on long stalks, interruptedly pinnate, somewhat 

 lyrate, the odd leaflet rounded, often deeply 3-lobed ; stem- 

 leaves ternate, stalked ; upper simple, 3-lobed, wedge-shaped ; 

 all variously notched and serrated, grass-green, veiny, hairy. 

 Stipulas of the stem-leaves very large, rounded, lobed, serrated, 

 leafy. Fl. terminal, solitary, stalked ; commonly small, bright 

 yellow, erect ; in /3 larger and more tawny, somewhat droop- 

 ing. Cal. spreading, reflexed as the fruit advances. Seeds in an 

 ovate head, numerous, ovate, downy, besides a few long coarse 

 hairs about the summit, each tipped with a rigid, purplish, de- 

 flexed aion or tail, which is quite smooth, ending in a small sharp 

 hook. In an early state this hook forms the curved part of the 

 style, but the small portion above that part, always likewise, in 



