320 ADDITIONAL SPECIES, ETC. 



Ascends to 400 j^arcls, or iii?wards, in East Highlands. 



Range of mean annual temiDerature 51 — 43. 



Native. Ericetal, Septal, &c. This is clearly a dis- 

 tinct species from the Viola sylvatica of Fries ; the latter 

 being the V. canina of Cybele Britannica, vol. i. page 177, 

 and of all preceding English writers. The present spe- 

 cies, however, has been almost always confused with V. 

 sylvatica and V.lactea; its larger states or forms being 

 referred to the former of these two, and its smaller forms 

 to the latter. It is not nearly so abundant as V. sylvatica, 

 but still is of rather frequent occurrence on open heaths 

 and commons, on the sandy coasts, and even on hedge- 

 banks in peaty or sandy ground. Some of the remarks 

 made under the head of this species and V. lactea, in the 

 first volume of the present work, were combatted by Mr. 

 Edward Forster, and defended by myseK, in the Phytolo- 

 gist (ii. 963, 1018, and iii. 31, 55, 635, 803). In the third 

 edition of his Manual, Mr. Babington has abandoned his 

 own former views, and those of Mr. Forster, and has there 

 described V. canina (of English botanists) as one species, 

 including his "pusilla" (flavicornis of Forster) with it, 

 vinder the name of V. sylvatica ; — V. flavicornis (Smith) 

 and V. lactea (Smith), united together, as a second species, 

 under the transferred name of V. canina ; — and the Lincoln 

 plant, suggested to be " very near the V. stagnrna flaccida 

 elongata of Kirschleger " (Cybele i. 179), as a third species, 

 under name of V. stagnina. Some difficulties, still coming 

 in the way of considering this a final view and settlement, 

 will be mentioned below under the heads of Viola lactea 

 and Viola stagnina. And I cannot but think it highly in- 

 convenient and injudicious, to transfer the name of " ca- 

 nina" from the species to which it originally belonged, and 

 to which it had been applied by every other English de- 

 scriptive botanist, and to bestow the transferred name upon 



