32 43. DIPSACE.E. 



the Germanic or eastern type, notwithstanding its extension 

 into several of the western counties of England. I am 

 aware of only a single locality on record in the western 

 provinces situate northward of Wales, namely, the neigh- 

 bourhood of Kendal, in Westmoreland. Though a chalk 

 and limestone species, seldom found on other soils, this 

 calcareous attachment cannot be the only cause of its 

 eastern tendency, as it appears to be quite absent from 

 Ireland. On account of the elevation attained in Denbigh- 

 shire, on Eglewyseg Craigs, it is necessary to indicate the 

 superagrarian zone, and also a lower temperature than is 

 found in its most northerly localities. 



543. Knautta arvensis, Coult. 

 t Knautia pubescens, W. R. 



Area general. 



South limit in Cornwall, Isle of Wight, Kent. 



North limit in Orkney, Sutherland. 



Estimate of provinces 18. Estimate of counties 80. 



Latitude 50 — 60. British type of distribution. 



Agrarian region. Inferagrarian — Superagrarian zones. 



Descends to the coast level, in the Peninsula. 



Ascends to 100 or 200 yards, in England. 



Range of mean annual temperature 52 — 46. 



Native. Agrestal, &c. Omitted from the Floras of 

 Shetland and the Hebrides ; but it may be difficult to se- 

 lect any other county from which this species is more likely 

 to be absent, than it is likely to be present therein. Ac- 

 cordingly, the comital estimate is taken at 80, although I 

 am not prepared to adduce authorities for more than 55 

 counties. The species has probably been introduced 

 through agriculture into the North of Scotland. In the 



