44. COMPOSITiE. 73 



Native. Viatical. Many of our writers on local botany, 

 and my own earlier lists made in different places, do not 

 distinguish between the Lappa and Bardana. In conse- 

 quence, where only one of these alleged species is men- 

 tioned I am forced to assume that it is the former ; and 

 thus cannot even mal^e certain that the Bardana does occur 

 at all in some of the provinces, although probability in- 

 duces me to indicate a provincial generality, not extended 

 also to counties. Devon is named in the south limit, as 

 with several other common plants, because I find no ex- 

 press note or record of the present species having been 

 observed in Cornwall, while, in all likelihood, I have myself 

 seen it there. 



593. Saussurea alpina, DC. 



Area ****** 7 * [9] * * 12 13 * 15 16 17 18. 



South limit in Caernarvon, Cumberland, Dumfries. 



North limit in Shetland, Orkney, Hebrides. 



Estimate of provinces 7. Estimate of counties 15 or 20. 



Latitude 53 — 61. Highland type of distribution. 



Arctic region. Inferarctic — Superarctic zones. 



Descends to 700 yards, or lower, in East Highlands. 



Ascends to 1300 yards, in same province. 



Range of mean annual temperature 41 — 34. 



Native. Rupestral. The occurrence of this plant in the 

 West Lowland province, without its extension also into 

 those of Tyne and Humber, although found in North Wales 

 and the Lake province, offers an exception to the general 

 rule or characteristic distribution of the Highland and 

 exclusively arctic plants. Generally, when the plants of 

 the Highland type do occur in any of the more southern 

 provinces, the following series will represent the probability 



