i. 



44. COMPOSITiE. 75 



Estimate of provinces 14. Estimate of counties 50. 



Latitude 50 — 56. English type of distribution. 



Agrarian region. Inferagrarian — Midagrarian zones. 



Descends to the coast level, in the Peninsula. 



Ascends to 100 or 200 yards, in England. 



Range of mean annual temperature 52 — 47. 



Native. Viatical, Pascual. Pretty frequent in the 

 southern provinces, especially on the chalk and limestone 

 soils ; becoming scarce in the northern provinces of Eng- 

 land, and rare in Scotland. I am aware of only one re- 

 corded locality in the West Lowlands (Flo. Lan.), and two 

 neighbouring localities in the East Highlands, both in 

 Moray, to which the Rev. G. Gordon (Coll. Mor.) thinks 

 the species may have been introduced. And as there ap- 

 pears to be a wide tract intervening between those two 

 northerly localities and the nearest others, about the Firth 

 of Forth, it has seemed better to consider the latter as 

 constituting the natural limit northward ; and yet a doubt 

 might still plausibly be raised, whether the species be truly 

 native in any part of Scotland. Dr. J. D. Hooker tells me 

 (Lre. Oct. 1846) that our usual C. nutans is not the plant 

 of South Europe, so called, but the C. onopordioides of 

 Fischer, a species of the Caucasian district only ; the true 

 C. nutans, however, having been found at Exmouth, in 

 Devon. 1 am unacquainted with C. onopordioides, but 

 cannot detect any specific difference between the C. nutans 

 of Surrey and specimens obtained from the coasts of the 

 Mediterranean. 



/O^./// /./^^ 596. CaRDUUS ACANTHOIDES, Zi«». 



Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8^ 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 *[l8] 

 South limit in Cornwall, Isle of Wight, Kent. 



