72. CONIFEK.*:. 409 



1029. PiNUS SYLVESTRis, Linn. 



Area (1 2 3 4 5 * 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14) 15 16 17 [18]. 



South limit in Perth. (Hants, Surrey, &c.) 



North limit in Sutherland. [Orkney.] 



Estimate of provinces 3. Estimate of counties 8. 



Latitude 56 — 59. Scottish type of distribution. 



A. A. regions. Superagrarian — Inferarctic zones. 



Descends to the coast level, in the Highlands. 



Ascends to 700 yards, or upwards, in East Highlands. 



Range of mean annual temperature 47 — 40. 



Native. Sylvestral, Ericetal. As a truly wild tree, the 

 Pinus sylv^estris seems limited to the Highland provinces 

 in the present age. But the remains still to be seen in peat 

 mosses, &c. clearly show that in former ages there were fo- 

 rests of this species in almost every province of Scotland 

 and England, although it has since become extinct as a 

 strictly natural production, while it is still frequent in plan- 

 tations made for ornament or profit. On the sandy and 

 gravelly heaths of Surrey, the Pine is even now quasi- 

 spontaneous, propagating itself freely and plentifully by 

 seed. But most of the young trees are evidently the pro- 

 geny of the neighbouring planted trees ; and all of them 

 may possibly be the descendants of trees which were origi- 

 nally introduced to their present localities by the hand of 

 man. Under this latter view, they cannot be pronounced 

 genuinely native trees, although the species has become 

 perfectly naturalized or re-naturalized in this part of 

 England. There is likewise much uncertainty now in de- 

 termining the true vertical as well as horizontal range of 

 the species. Native trees occur at 600 yard.s and u})wards 

 on the moors of Aberdeenshire ; and I have also seen 



