IV. CLIMATE. 151 



SO that general rules become subject to various local 

 exceptions. 



Moreover, general rules which may be correct for the 

 average of the whole year, are found to be unequally 

 applicable at different seasons. Thus, inland places are 

 usually warmer in summer ; although during much of the 

 year, and more especiallj'^ in winter, their temperature is 

 decidedly lower than that of the coast line under equal 

 latitude. The counties of Cornwall and Devon, cele- 

 brated for their mild and equal climate, have a summer 

 temperature below that experienced in the inland counties 

 of the Thames and Ouse provinces ; which being farther 

 north, farther east, and more inland, have a lower general 

 mean for the year, and a much lower winter temperature. 

 The differences between the mean temperatures of sum- 

 mer and winter are less on the west than on the east side 

 of the island, less on the coast than in inland places, and 

 probably somewhat less in the north than in the south. 

 The fuU result is made obvious in the higher summer 

 temperature for the inland south-eastern counties of 

 England, than is found elsewhere in Britain. 



In course of the past half century numerous records 

 have been printed, which purport to show the results 

 attained from daily registers of the thermometer in 

 various parts of the island. Many of them show the 

 yearly average of the daily means, as deduced from the 

 daily extremes. Some few have been deduced from 

 hourly or half-hourly observations, carefully made and 

 calculated, expressly as local standards for comparison. 

 For the greater number, observations of the thermometer 

 have been made at stated hours, usually twice a day. 

 The result obtained by adding or subtracting the dif- 

 ference between the temperature at the stated hours and 



