INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS. 47 



in Scotland. As a temporary estimate, we may reckon 

 the species of the English type at about one-fifth of the 

 whole flora of Britain. Cypems longus and Cicendia fili- 

 formis are very local examples of this type, if, indeed, they 

 can be fairly referred to it; being restricted to a few coun- 

 ties southward of the Thames and Bristol Channel. On 

 the other hand, Malva moschata and Poterium Sanguisorba 

 approximate to the British type in being distributed from 

 the south coast of England up to the middle of Scotland. 

 More characteristic examples of the English type of dis- 

 tribution mav be cited in Rhamnus catharticus, Ulex na- 

 nus, Tamus communis, Bryonia dioica, Hottonia palustris, 

 Chlora perfoliata, Sison Amomum, Moenchia erecta, Lina- 

 ria Elatine, Ranunculus parviflorus, Lamium Galeobdolon, 

 Hordeum pratense, Alopecurus agrestis, Ceterach officina- 

 rum. 



3. The Scottish Type. — This may be deemed the oppo- 

 site of the English type ; the distribution of the species 

 referred hereto being characterized by a northern ten- 

 dency, either by absolute limitation to Scotland or the 

 north of England, or otherwise by a chief prevalence there 

 and increased rarity southward. Parallel with some of 

 the species referred to the English type, so some of those 

 referred to this present one are quite restricted to two or 

 three of the most northern provinces of Scotland ; while 

 others abound in Scotland, and also spread southward, al- 

 though in diminished frequency, far down England; others, 

 again, finding their southern limits between the extremes 

 of narrow and wide distribution. With respect to those 

 species which are most widely distributed, their diminish- 

 ed frequency, or entire absence in the southerly provinces, 

 applies more particularly to the south-east of England, 

 where the climate is drier, and the summer temperature is 

 higher than usually experienced in the south-western pro- 



