7. VIOLACEiE. 177 



L, ^/^/'/i / 5^9 f 135. Viola canina, Linn. 



Ai'ea, general. 



South liiBit in Cornwall, Isle of Wight, Kent. 



North limit in Shetland, Orkney, Hebrides. 



Estimate of provinces 18. Estimate of counties 82. 



Latitude 50 — 61. British type of distribution. 



A. A. regions. Inferagi'ariau — Midarctic zones. 



Descends to the coast level, in the Peninsula. 



Ascends to 900 or 950 yards, in East Highlands. 



Range of mean annual temperatm-e 52 — 38. 



Native. Septal, Ericetal, &c. Plentifiilly distributed 

 throughout Britain; gi-owing both in shady gi-oves and 

 hedge-rows, and fully exposed to sun and wind on the 

 open commons. Under different conditions of exjjosm-e 

 and humidity, the V. canina vaiies greatly, in luxuriance of 

 gi'owth, and in the form and size of the leaves, which range 

 fi'om cordate-remfonn to ovate-lanceolate, or even into 

 narrowly lanceolate, if we unite the varieties grouped under 

 V. flavicomis and lactea to the present species. On Car- 

 nedd David, in North Wales, I saw V. canina at nearly 

 1100 yards of elevation; but in respect of climate that al- 

 titude is scarce equal to 950 yards in the HigMands. 



135,d. Viola flavicornis, Smith. J^ /^W,///- ^.^^9- 

 135,e. Viola lactea, Smith. ^ l^^. f'/t'ji .nf- 



Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 * 14. 

 South limit in Cornwall, Isle of Wight, Kent. 

 North limit in Edinburghshire and Isle of Man. 

 Estimate of provinces 14. Estimate of counties 50. 



2 a 



