174 Of the Checks to Population in Bk. i. 



of subsistence or labour in future.* He often, 

 therefore, contents himself with growing only 

 what is sufficient for the immediate demands of 

 his family, and the narrow market to which he is 

 accustomed. And if he has a large family, many 

 of his children probably fall into the rank of la- 

 bourers, and their further increase is checked, as 

 in the case of the labourer before described, by a 

 want of the means of subsistence. 



It is not therefore a direct encouragement to 

 the procreation and rearing of children that is 

 wanted in these countries, in order to increase 

 their population; but the creation of an effectual 

 demand for the produce of the soil, by promoting 

 the means of its distribution. This can only be 

 effected by the introduction of manufactures, and 

 by inspiring the cultivator with a taste for them, 

 and thus enlarging the internal market. 



The late empress of Russia encouraged both 

 manufacturers and cultivators; and furnished to 

 foreigners of either description capital free of all 

 interest for a certain term of years. | These well 



* In addition to the causes here mentioned, I have lately been 

 informed that one of the principal reasons why large tracts of rich 

 land lie uncultivated in this part of the world is the swarm of 

 locusts, which at certain seasons covers these districts, and from 

 the ravages of which it is impossible to protect the rising crop. 



t Tooke's View of the Russian Empire, vol. ii. p. 242. The 

 principal effect, perhaps, of these importations of foreigners, was the 

 introduction of free men instead of slaves, and of German industry 

 instead of Russian indolence; but the introduction of that part of 

 capital which consists in machinery would be a very great point, 



