296 Of the Checks to Population Bk. ii. 



mortality must have been occasioned by the in- 

 creased operation of the preventive check. — 

 Another calculation which I received from the 

 professor seemed to confirm this supposition. 

 According to M. Wargentin, as quoted by Suss- 

 milch,* 5 standing marriages produced yearly 1 

 child; but in the latter period, the proportion of 

 standing marriages to annual births was as 5^, 

 and subtracting illegitimate children, as 5 T V to 1 ; 

 a proof that in the latter period the marriages had 

 not been quite so early and so prolific. 



1825. 



From subsequent accounts it appears that the 

 healthiness of Sweden has continued to increase, 

 from which we may fairly infer that the condition 

 of the mass of the people has been improving. 



In all Sweden and Finland during the five years 

 ending with 1 805, the mean number of the living at 

 all ages was, males 1,564,611 ; females 1,683,457; 

 both, 2,348,068. Annual average deaths of males 

 40,147; of females 39,266; that is, the annual 

 mortality of males was 1 of 38.97 ; of females 1 

 of 42.87; mean, 1 of 40.92.| 



The annual average births of males were 55, 1 1 9 ; 



* Gottliche Orduung, vol. i. c. vi. s. 120, p. 231. 



t Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Stockholm 

 for the year 1809, and Supplement to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 

 Article, Mortality, by Mr. Milne, Actuary to the Sun Life Assur- 

 ance Society. The period of five years here noticed was free from 

 any remarkable epidemics, and vaccination had commenced in 

 1804. 



