308 Of the Checks to Population Bk. ii. 



ceived, that they may be known and produced to 

 the parents when required, who, if they cannot re- 

 claim them, are permitted to visit them. 



The country nurses receive only two roubles a 

 month, which, as the current paper rouble is sel- 

 dom worth more than half a crown, is only about 

 fifteen pence a week ; yet the general expenses 

 are said to be 100,000 roubles a month. The re- 

 gular revenues belonging to the institution are not 

 nearly equal to this sum ; but the government 

 takes on itself the management of the whole affair, 

 and consequently bears all the additional expenses. 

 As children are received without any limit, it is 

 absolutely necessary that the expenses should also 

 be unlimited. It is evident that the most dread- 

 ful evils must result from an unlimited reception 

 of children, and only a limited fund to support 

 them. Such institutions, therefore, if managed 

 properly, that is, if the extraordinary mortality do 

 not prevent the rapid accumulation of expense, 

 cannot exist long except under the protection of 

 a very rich government ; and even under such pro- 

 tection the period of their failure cannot be very 

 distant. 



At six or seven years old the children who have 

 been sent into the country return to the house, 

 where they are taught all sorts of trades and 

 manual operations. The common hours of work- 

 ing are from 6 to 12, and from 2 till 4. The girls 

 leave the house at 18, and the boys at 20 or 21. 

 When the house is too full, some of those which 



