Ch. iv. the middle Parts of Europe. 335 



so high a proportion as 1 to 3, the mortality may- 

 be taken as 1 in 30. In those countries which are 

 in a middle state with regard to population and 

 cultivation, the mortality may be considered as 1 

 in 32. And in the thinly-peopled northern states, 

 Sussmilch's proportion of 1 in 36 may be applied.* 

 These proportions seem to make the general 

 mortality too great, even after allowing epidemic 

 years to have their full effect in the calculations. 

 The improved habits of cleanliness, which appear 

 to have prevailed of late years in most of the 

 towns of Europe, have probably, in point of salu-. 

 brity, more than counterbalanced their increased 

 size. 



1825. 



In a census which was made in 1817, of the 

 population of Prussia in its present enlarged 

 state, the number of inhabitants was found to be 

 10,536,571, of which 5,244,308 were males, and 

 5,320,535 were females. The births were 454,031, 

 the deaths 306,484, and the marriages 112,034. 

 Of the births 53,576, or ~ were illegitimate. 

 The proportion of males to females born was as 

 20 to 19. Of the illegitimate children 3 out of 

 every 10 died in the first year after birth; of the 

 legitimate 2 out of 10.f 



The numbers here stated give a proportion of 

 births to deaths, as 149 to 100; of births to mar- 



* dome's Europaisclicn Staaten, p. 127. 



f Supplement to the Encyclopaedia Britanuica, Article Prussia. 



