54 Of Emigration. Bk. iii. 



from soil, climate and the want of proper conve- 

 niences, are of course nearly the same in these 

 regions as in America. Mr. Eton, in his Account 

 of the Turkish Empire, says that 75,000 Christians 

 were obliged by Russia to emigrate from the 

 Crimea, and sent to inhabit the country abandoned 

 by the Nogai Tartars; but the winter coming on 

 before the houses built for them were ready, a 

 great part of them had no other shelter from the 

 cold than what was afforded them by holes dug in 

 the ground, covered with what they could procure, 

 and the greatest part of them perished. Only 

 seven thousand remained a few years afterwards. 

 Another colony from Italy to the banks of the 

 Borysthenes had, he says, no better fate, owing 

 to the bad management of those, who were com- 

 missioned to provide for them. 



It is needless to add to these instances, as the 

 accounts given of the difficulties experienced in 

 new settlements are all nearly similar. It has 

 been justly observed by a correspondent of Dr. 

 Franklin, that one of the reasons why we have seen 

 so many fruitless attempts to settle colonies at an 

 immense public and private expense by several of 

 the powers of Europe is, that the moral and me- 

 chanical habits adapted to the mother- country are 

 frequently not so to the new-settled one, and to 

 external events, many of which are unforeseen; 

 and that it is to be remarked that none of the 

 English colonies became any way considerable, 

 till the necessary manners were born and grew 

 up in the country. Pallas particularly notices 



