502 



INDEX. 



consequences to the general state of 

 the poor, of leaving charity to be 

 voluntary, 368, 369 — poverty and 

 misery always increase in proportion 

 to the quantity of indiscriminate 

 charity, 370 — the poor must be left 

 to tlie natural consequences of their 

 conduct with respect to industry and 

 marriage, ib. — calamities unmerited, 

 or arising from the failure of well- 

 founded expectations are the ge- 

 nuine objects of charity, 371 — re- 

 lief to the idle and improvident, in 

 distress, must be scanty, ib. — urgent 

 distress from accidents unconnected 

 with indolence and improvidence, 

 not within these reasonings, 372 — 

 an opportunity of doing good, how- 

 ever, not to be lost from a mere sup- 

 posed possibility of meeting with a 

 worthier object, ib. 



Chaility, reason why the disgrace 

 attending its breach in a woman 

 should be greater than in a man, ii. 

 S2 — effects of violating the law of 

 chastity, 272 — the virtue of chastity 

 has a real and solid foundation in 

 nature and reason, 273 — considera- 

 tion of the consequences arising to 

 society from want of chastitj', com- 

 pared with those of other vices, 294 

 —298. 



Cheapness of provisions, extraordinary, 

 in the southern parts of Siberia, i. 

 176. 



Check, ultimate, to the increase of popu- 

 lation, is the deficiency of the means 

 of subsistence, i. 4. 12 — the imme- 

 diate checks, 12 — these latter may 

 be classed under the heads of pre- 

 ventive and jwsitive checks (See those 

 articles and their references), 12, 13. 

 17 — all resolvable into moral re- 

 straint, vice, and misery, 15 — pro- 

 portion in which the preventive and 

 positive checks prevail according to 

 circumstances, 17 — mode of opera- 

 tion of the general checks described, 

 13 — oscillation, why concealed from 

 common view, 21 — checks in the 

 lowest stage of human society con- 

 sidered, 25 — among the inhabitants 

 of Terra del Fuego, ib. — among the 

 natives of Van Diemen's Land, and 

 the Andaman Isles, ib. 26 — among 

 the inhabitants of New Holland, 26 

 et seq. — among the American Indians, 

 35 — in the islands of tlie South Sea, 

 66— among the ancient inhabitants 

 of the north of Europe, 92 — among 



modern pastoral nations, 120 — in 

 different parts of Africa, 144 — in Si- 

 beria, northern and southern, 165 — 

 in the Turkish Dominions and Per- 

 sia, 180— in Indostan and Tibet, 190 

 — in China and Japan, 206— among 

 the Greeks, 231 — among the Ro- 

 mans, 213 — in Norway, 259 — in 

 Sweden, 277— in Russia, 299 — in 

 the middle parts of Europe, 320 — in 

 in Switzerland, 337 — in France, 362 

 — in England, 397 — in Scotland and 

 Ireland, 4.50 — the want of food is 

 the most efficient cause of the imme- 

 diate checks, 519 — in modern Eu- 

 rope the positive checks prevail less, 

 and the preventive checks more, 

 than in past times and in less civil- 

 ized parts of the world, 534, 535. 



Children, sucking, buried alive with the 

 mother at her death in New Holland, 

 i. 31 — difficulty of rearing children 

 in a savage life, 32 — frequent aban- 

 donment and destruction of them 

 among the American Indians, 41 — 

 in China bound to maintain their 

 parents, 214— number of, annually 

 exposed at Pekin, 224— where pro- 

 perty is equalized, the number of 

 children should be limited, according 

 to Aristotle, 239, 240. 



every child that dies under ten 



\ears of age is a loss to the nation 

 of all that had been expended in its 

 subsistence, ii. 424 — a specific relief 

 might, without any ill consequence, 

 be given for every child above the 

 number of six, 429. — See also the 

 article Infanticide ; and for various 

 particulars respecting the mortality 

 of children, the article Deaths. 



C/ii'na, extent of the empire of, i. 217 — 

 the Moguls, after conquering its nor- 

 thern provinces, proposed in council 

 to exterminate all its inhabitants, 1 21 . 



its State with Respect to the 



Checks to Population, i. 206 — esti- 

 mate of the number of its inhabitants, 

 207 — small numberof families in pro- 

 portion, ib. — causes of its immense 

 population ; excellence of the soil, 

 208 — very great encouragements 

 given to agriculture, 209 — and to 

 marriage, 212 — eSects of these last; 

 abject state of the poor, 214. 217 — 

 inquiry into the immediate checks by 

 which this vast population is kept 

 down to the level of the means of 

 subsistence, 218 — prudential re- 

 straints, ib. — vicious intercourse of 



