INDEX. 



507 



by an uncommon liealthiness, 525 — 

 countries where subsistence is in- 

 creasing sufliciently to encourage 

 population, but not to answer all its 

 demands, most subject to periodical 

 epidemics, 5'26 — Europe less subject 

 to plagues and wasting epidemics now 

 than formerly, 5'27 — they indicate 

 that we have increased too fast for 

 the means of subsistence, ii. 259 — 

 effects of epidemics on registers of 

 births, deaths, and marriages. See 

 the article Registers. 

 Equalitii, systems of; in all those pro- 

 posed by different writers, the prin- 

 ciple of population, and the difficul- 

 ties arising from it, very insufficiently 

 estimated, ii. 1. — See the articles 

 Condorcet, Godicin, Owen, Spenceau 

 System, and Waltuce. 

 Equalization of the poor-rates ; Mr 

 Curwen's plan for, considered, ii.400 

 —403. 

 Errors; important, on the relief and em- 

 ployment of the poor, ii. 404 — 406. 

 Europe ; Checks to Population among 

 the ancient Inhabitants of the North 

 of, considered, i. 92 — successive mi- 

 grations of the barbarians of, 95, 96 

 - — their destructive irruptions into the 

 Roman empire, 97 — into other na- 

 tions (see further the article Ger- 

 mans), 103 — the North not more po- 

 pulous formerly than at present, 

 105 — error of describing it as a con- 

 stant reservoir for the supply of other 

 nations, 107, 108— cause which 

 stopped the continuance of emigra- 

 tions by land from the North, 112, 

 113 — these barbarians then spread 

 themselves over other countries by 

 sea, 113 — again confined to their 

 own by a similar cause, 114 — objec- 

 tions to the supposition of these 

 emigrations being caused by a re- 

 dundant population, answered, 115, 

 116 — other motives which might 

 have prompted them, 117 — striking 

 illustration which this period of his- 

 tory affords of the principle of popu- 

 lation, 118— war and famine the 

 principal checks in the countries 

 above noticed, 119. 



Of the checks to population 



in the middle parts of Europe (see 

 the names of the different countries), 

 i. 320. 



In modem Europe the posi- 



past times, and in the less civilized 

 parts of the world, i. 534, 535. 



Evils, arising from the laws of nature, 

 always borne more contentedly than 

 those caused by the measures of a 

 government, i. 293, 294. 



Eiactions of the Turkish governors, a 

 check upon population, i. ISO — 183. 



" Existing circumstances ;" estimate of 

 this phrase, ii. 315. 



Exposure of children ; frequent in Chi- 

 na, from the want of means to rear 

 them, i. 215, 216. 221 — exposure in 

 what case most prevalent, V23 — the 

 permission of the practice tends to 

 facilitate marriage, and encourage 

 population, 234 — practice of, among 

 the Romans, 244. 



tive checks less prevalent, and the 

 preventive checks more so, than in 



Famine, among the savages of Florida, 

 i. 49 — sufferings of the Indians near 

 Hudson's Bay, from, 57, 58 — ra- 

 vages of, in South America, 60 — a 

 principal check to.population among 

 the ancient nations of the north of 

 Europe, 119 — dreadful, in some of 

 the negro nations of Africa, 148, 

 149 — frightful picture of, in Egypt, 

 164 — frequent in Otaheite, 78 — in 

 China, 225. 227 — dreadful famines 

 to which India has in all ages been 

 subject, 197 — the consumption of 

 grain in making spirits cannot be a 

 cause of famine, but tends entirely 

 in a contrary direction, 227, 228 — 

 in Scotland, 465 — the traces of the 

 most destructive famines are soon 

 obliterated, 520 — periodical returns 

 of famines and dearths, 521 — the in- 

 crease of population can never ab- 

 solutely produce, but prepares the 

 way for, famine, 523 — reason why a 

 famine seems almost impossible in 

 America, 531. — See also the article 

 Scarcity. 



Fccunditv of the human species would 

 not admit of any very considerable 

 diminution, without being inade- 

 quate to its object, ii. 2o6 — 269. — 

 See also the article Fiuitfulness. 



Females, number of, in Great Britain, 

 and their ratio of increase, 1801, 

 1811, 1821, i. 442. 



Fertility, extraordinary, of some of the 

 South Sea islands, i. 72 — has pro- 

 bably been exaggerated, 88, 89 — of 

 the southern parts of Siberia, 168. 



Fishing afforded a precarious supy)ly of 

 food tothe Arocricau Indians, i. 35,36. 



