512 



liXDEX. 



Labour ; the real wages of laboar re- 

 gulate the increase of the labouring 

 classes, ii. 118 — the paj'ment of a 

 considerable part of what ought to 

 be the wages of labour, out of the 

 parish rates, a principal cause of the 

 existing distress among the poor, 

 106, 107. 



• , effects of high prices of corn and 



other commodities on the prices of 

 labour, ii. 231 — effects of producing 

 supernumerary labourers, i. 170, 171 

 — reward of labour in China as low 

 as possible, 214. 



an increase in the nominal price 



of labour may sometimes only con- 

 tribute to raise proportionally the 

 price of provisions without ultimately 

 bettering the condition of the poor, 

 ii. 64. 71. 76 — its price, when left to 

 find its natural level, is a most impor- 

 tant political barometer, expressing 

 the relation between the supply of 

 provisions and the demand for them, 

 76 — a scarcity of provisions must 

 naturally tend to lower, instead of 

 to raise, the price of labour, 77. — 

 to proportion the price of labour in 

 a scarcity to the price of provisions, 

 is of the same nature as a maximum, 

 and tends directly to famine, 78, 79 

 — absurdity of the common decla- 

 mation, " that the market price of 

 labour ought always to be sufficient 

 decently to support a family, and 

 that employment ought to be found 

 for all who are willing to work," 94 

 — if a demand for labour increase 

 rapidly under an uncertain supply 

 of food, the population will advance 

 till positively checked by famine, or 

 by diseases arising from severe want, 

 235 — estimate of the evil arising 

 from a market rather understocked 

 with labour, occasioned by the pre- 

 valence of a system of moral re- 

 straint among the poor, 292 — the 

 wages of labour will always be regu- 

 lated by the proportion of the sup- 

 ply to the demand, 94 — See also the 

 article Poor throughout. 

 Land, uncultivated ; the extent of has no 

 influence on the average state of dis- 

 tress among the poor, ii. 245 — incon- 

 siderate conclusions often drawn 

 against the industry and government 

 of states, from the appearance of un- 

 cultivated lands in them, 247 — 251 

 — error of bringing under cultivation 

 too great a quantity of poor land, 

 250. f 



Leipsic, proportion of its annual mar- 

 riages to its population, i. 325. 

 Leyzin, a village of the Alps, propor- 

 tion of births and extraordinarly 

 high probability of life in, i. 343, 

 344. 347. 

 Liberty. See the article Civil Liberty. 

 Life ; calculation respecting the proba- 

 bility of, and the mean life at Ge- 

 neva, in the sixteenth, seventeenth, 

 and eighteenth centuries, i. 341 — 

 probability of, in several great cities 

 and some villages, 409 — in Scotland, 

 451, 452. 



extraordinarily high in a village of 



the Alps, i. 344, 345 — mean life, and 

 probability of life, in several parts of 

 Switzerland, 341, 343 — increased 

 average duration of, in England and 

 Wales, 413. 

 S^'stem of M. Condorcet with re- 

 spect to the indefinite prolonga- 

 tion of human life, examined, ii. 8^ — 

 16. 



longevity rare among the negro 



nations of Africa, i. 145. 

 Literary bachelors ; great number of in 



China, i. 218. 

 Liverpool, proportion of its annual mor- 

 tality to its population, i. 406. 

 London, proportion of its annual mor- 

 tality to its population, i. 406 — 410 

 • — the void made by the great num- 

 ber of deaths, filled by the redun- 

 dant births from the country, 410, 

 411 — the effects of the dreadful 

 plague in 1666 were not perceptible 

 fifteen or twenty years after, 520 — 

 its effect in pi-oducing such improve- 

 ments as have completely eradicated 

 that disorder in, ii. 258. 305, 306 — 

 error of Sir William Petty, in pre- 

 dicting that it would contain above 

 five million inhabitants in the year 

 1800, i. 527. 

 Love, virtuous ; its peculiar delights, 

 and adaptation to the nature of man, 

 ii. 261 — improved state in which 

 this passion would exist under a sys- 

 tem of moral restraint, 271, 272 — 

 such a S3'stera svould very greatly in- 

 crease the sum of pleasurable sensa- 

 tions from the passion of love, 273, 

 274. 

 Lying-in-hospitals, probably rather pre- 

 judicial than otherwise, i. 289, 290. 



M. . 



Magdthurgh, dukedom of; proportion 

 of its annual niarriages to its popu- 



