516 



INDEX. 



Norwich; proportion of its iinnual 

 mortality to its population, i. 406. 



O. 



Objections, general, to the principles 

 and reasonings of this Essay, an- 

 swered, ii. 443 — first, that they con- 

 tradict the original command of the 

 Creator, to increase and multiply and 

 replenish the earth, 443, 444 — that 

 the natural checks to population \vi 

 jJways be sufficient, without resorting 

 toany other aids, 449 — respectingtlie 

 practicable increase of population, 450 

 — respecting the abolition of the 

 poor laws, 452 — that every practi- 

 cable benefit may be obtained by im- 

 proved measures of civil polity, with- 

 out risking the danger of proiiml- 

 gating new opinions which may 

 alarm the prejudices of the poor, 469 

 — respecting the feelings of despon- 

 dency in some, who lament a con- 

 viction of the truth of the principles 

 of this Essay, 471. 

 Oheitahoo, temporary scarcity at, i. 88. 

 Organic perfectibility of man ; M. 

 Condorcet's system respecting, un- 

 warranted, ii. 8 — 16. 

 Oscillations in population, in civilized 



and in savage life, i. 18 — 23. 

 Ostiacks, their disgusting mode of living, 



i. 167. 

 Otaheite, its luxuriance extremely' fa 

 vourable to population, i. T'i — souie 

 very powerful checks must be traced 

 in the habits of the people, 73 — enu 

 nieration of these ; Eareeoie societies, 

 73, 74 — infanticide permitted to all 

 classes, 75 — extensive debauchery 

 and promiscuous intercourse, 75, 76 

 — customs with regard to marriage, 

 and changing of connections, 76 — 

 frequent and destructive hostilities, 

 77 — human sacrifices and disorders 

 77, 78 — even these checks have not 

 always kept down the population to 

 the level of the means of subsistence, 

 i. 78 — mode of living of the different 

 ranks, 78 — ^79 — extraordinary depo- 

 pulation since Captain Cook's last 

 visit, 80 — the population at present 

 repressed considerably below the 

 average means of subsistence, 81 — 

 . its fertility probably exaggerated, 88. 

 Outcasts, in Indostan, wretched state 



of, i. 198,199. 

 Owen, Mr. ; benevolence of his inten- 

 tions, ii. 40 — examination of the 

 principle of equality proposed by 

 him, 41 — 46 —observations on the 



system of equality proposed by him, 

 44 — his system for improving the 

 condition of the poor considered, 

 395—399. 



Fachas, their destructive extortion in 

 their provinces, i. 180 — 185. 



Paine, Mr.; erroneous principles of his 

 Rights of Man, ii. 318 — 324. 



Parnguay, occasional scarcity of provi- 

 sions in, i. 60. 



Paris, proportion of its annual mar- 

 riages to its population, i. 327 — of 

 annual births and deaths to the po- 

 pulation, in several villages around, 

 331. 



Parish pay-table, disgusting picture of, 

 ii. 367 — allowances, effects of, on 

 population, 23'2. 



Passions, evil effects of an irregular in- 

 dulgence of, ii. 256, 257. 259 — a di- 

 minution of the pleasure arising from 

 their gratification would produce a 

 much greater loss than gain to general 

 happiness, 260, 261 — the passion be- 

 tween the sexes operates permanently 

 upon human conduct, 261 — has the 

 most powerful tendency to soften 

 and meliorate the character, 262, 

 263 — is strongest and has most bene- 

 cial effects, where obstacles are 

 thrown in the way of very early and 

 universal gratification, 263 — the evil 

 resulting from its irregular indul- 

 gence, must not be diminished by 

 the extinction or diminution of the 

 passion itself, 264, 265 — in this and 

 all the other passions, it is only the 

 regulation or direction of them that 

 is wanted, 265, 266. 



Pastoral nations, modern ; state of, 

 with respect to the checks to popula- 

 tion (See the article Tartars}, i. 120 

 — enumeration of checks, 143 — 

 limits to the population of a country 

 strictly pastoral, 354, 355 — natural 

 excitement which it supplies to emi- 

 gration, 356 — See also the article 

 Shepherds. 

 Pauperism. See Poor. 

 Pays lie Vaud, various statistical parti- 

 culars respecting, i. 342 — 348 — 351, 

 352—355, 356. 

 Peasant, Swiss ; remarkable instance 

 of one possessing a clear comprehen- 

 sion of the subject of population, i. 

 358—360. 

 Peasantry, Russian ; state of, i. 314 — 

 316 — condition of in France, im- 

 proved since the revolution, i. 389. 



