320 



INDEX. 



Condition of tlie Poor, consideretl. 

 ii. ^74 — none must tend directly to 

 encourage marriage, ib. 

 Poor ; Sir James Steuarl's plan, of a 

 general establisliinent of foundling- 

 hospitals, and of public support to 

 the children of some nianied per- 

 sons, ii. 374, 375. 



Mr. Tovvnsend's of a compulsory 



and universal institution of benefit- 

 clubs, ii. 375 — 378. 



Mr. Young's bj' means of Potato- 

 grounds and cows, ii. 378.383—389, 

 390. 



Count Rumford's, by means of 



soup-shops, ii. 390. 



Mr. Owen's plan of establish- 

 ments for the poor, ii. 395 — 399. 



Mr. Curwen's plan, by equalizing 



the rates, and giving the poor a voice j 

 ill the management of the funds des-; 

 tined to their support, ii. 399 — 407 

 —plan for assisting the labouring 

 classes, by saving-banks, 407 — 410. 



of the Necessity of General Prin- 

 ciples on the above Subject, ii. 412 

 — distinction between mischievous 

 and genuine theory, 413 — advantage 

 derived by cottagers from keeping 

 cows arises from its being peculiar, 

 and would be considerably dimin- 

 ished if made general, 414 — 416 — 

 measure of relieving the poor at their 

 own homes, and placing out their 

 children as soon as possible, cannot 

 be practised universally, 417 — the 

 benefits conferred by money, and 

 even b_y industry, are relative, and 

 would fail if not confined to particu- 

 lar instances, 418 — objection to 

 these reasonings answered ; in many 

 cases tlie good from the relief of 

 present distress may overbalance the 

 probable evil from the remote con- 

 sequence, 419 — great advantages 

 might be expected from a better and 

 more general system of education 

 (See also the article Education), 4'iO 

 — from a general improvement of 

 cottages, 4a0, 421 — from the cow- 1 

 system (381.etse9.)upon a more con- 

 fined plan,4ai. 423 — objection that 

 the above measures v\ould encourage 

 population, answered, 424 — effects 

 of luxury on the state of society, and 

 on population, considered, 42.6 — our 

 best-grounded hopes of improvement 

 in the general mass of happiness, 

 founded on a diminution in the 

 (lumber of the lowest, and an increase 



in that of the middle classes of so- 

 ciety, 426, 4i7 — this to be brought 

 about only by the prevalence of 

 prudential habits respecting marriage 

 among t!ie poor, 428, 429 — a specific 

 relief might be given for every child 

 above the number of .si.x without any 

 bad effect, 429— See also the articles 

 Charity and Voierty. 

 Population has a constant tendency to ' 

 increase beyond the means of subsist- 

 ence, i. 2.4 — this truth evidently seen 

 by Plato, Aristotle, ar.d other philoso - 

 pliers, 237, 238. 240, 241— period in 

 which it doubles itself; in the nor- 

 thern states of America, 5, note — in 

 the back settlements, ib. — other pos- 

 sible periods, 6 — increases thus in a 

 geometrical ratio, 6 — 11 — the in- 

 crease of subsistence cannot perma- 

 nently exceed an arithmetical ratio, 

 7 — -11 — etfects of these two ratios of 

 increase when brought together, 10, 



11 — population can only be kept 

 down to its level by the strong law 

 of necessity (See the article Checks), 



12 — propositions intended to be 

 proved in the present Essay, 93, 24. 



the argument in favour of the 



slave-trade, deduced from the prin- 

 ciple of population, examined and 

 refuted, ii. 473 — 475. 



distinction to be carefully made 



between a redundant population and 

 a population actually great, 105, 

 106 — the measure of, regulated by 

 subsistence, 132 — can never increase 

 with great rapidity but when the real 

 price of labour is very high, 179. 



General Deductions from a View 



of Society in ancient and modern 

 States, i. 514 — comparatively rapid 

 increase which has invariably taken 

 place whenever the checks to popu- 

 lation have been in any considerable 

 degree removed, ib. — instanced in 

 the case of new colonies, ib. — the 

 most destructive wars, plagues, and 

 famines, have had but a very tem- 

 porary influence on the average po- 

 pulation of countries, 520— effect 

 of a superabundant population in 

 producing or aggravating the ra- 

 vages of epidemic disorders and fa- 

 mines, 522, 523 — severe mortal epi- 

 demics generally succeeded by un- 

 common healthiness, 525 — no esti- 

 mate of future increase or decrease 

 can be depended upon from any ex- 

 isting rate, 527 — the only true crile- 



