INDEX. 



523 



greatei- mortality of female children 

 than of male, 304, 305 — comparative 

 mortality at different periods of life 

 in Petersbiirgh, 305, 306— general 

 mortality there, 306 — management 

 of its foundling-hospital, and mor- 

 tality in this institution, 306 — 309— 

 of that at Moscow, 310 — pernicious 

 effects of these establishments, 311 

 — 313 — principal obstacle to a rapid 

 increase of population, the vassalage 

 of the peasants, 314 — a very con- 

 siderable advance both of cultivation 

 and of population made during the 

 reign of the late empress and since, 

 316 — state of the population at dif- 

 ferent periods, 316, 317 — births, 

 deaths, and marriages, in the Greek 

 church, for the year 1799, 317— 

 comparative proportion of the mar- 

 riages and the deaths, ib. 

 Ritssiri, (1825), population in 1822, i. 

 318 — table of marriages, births and 

 deaths, ib. — population belonging to 

 the Greek church, ib. — proportion of 

 births to the population, 318, 319 — 

 period of doubling, 319 — proportions 

 of marriages, births and deaths, ib. — 

 cause of the apparent increase of 

 mortality, ib. 



persons, and the closeness and filth 

 of their cabins, 46, 47 — instances of 

 the pressure of want in, 56 — 62— 

 comparative advantages and disad- 

 vantages of satage and of civilized 

 life, 89 — 91. — See also the article 

 Barbarism. 



Saving Banks; their general benefits, ii. 

 407, 408 — their objects stated, 408 — 

 the policy of giving persons parochial 

 assistance, though they may have 

 certain limited sums in saving banks, 

 considered, 409, 410. 



Saxony, ancient ; want of cultivation in, 

 accounted for, i. 113. 116. 



Scandinavians, ancient — (See the article 

 Goths} — spread themselves by sea 

 over various nations of Europe, i. 112, 

 113 — different prevalence of the pre- 

 ventive check to population in ancient 

 and in modern Scandinavia, 114. 



Scarcity of food, the ultimate check to 

 population, i. 2 — 4. 10—12 — illus- 

 trated, 18 — horrid, in Terra del 

 Fuego and Van Diemeu's Land, 25 

 —in New Holland, 26—32. 



various instances of, among the 



Sacrifices, human, at Otaheite, i. 77. 



St. Cergiie, parish of; proportion of its 

 marriages to births, and of the latter 

 to the population, i.347 — of its births 

 to deaths, 348 — habit of emigration 

 there, 348, 349. 



St. Domingo, Indians of; neglected 

 purposely to cultivate their lands, in 

 order to starve out their oppressors, 

 i. 64. 



•St. Paul, inference from his declarations 

 respecting marriage, ii. 280. 



Sunwyedes, their mode of living, i. 168. 



Sandwich Islands ; state of, with respect 

 to the checks to population, i. 84, 85 

 — occasional scarcities at, 88. 



Savage life, mode ii\ which the oscilla- 

 tions in population are produced in, 

 i. 19 — '22 — ■difficulty of rearing 

 children in, 32 — want of ardour in 

 the men, generated by the hardships 

 and dangers to which they are neces- 

 sarily subject, 37 — the general cha- 

 racteristic of savages, to despise and 

 degrade the female sex, 39, 40 — the 

 period of life shorter among savages 

 than in civilized countries, 41. 44 — 

 savages are rendered liable to pesti- 

 lential di«easc' by the dirt of their 



American Indians, i. 49 — 62. 65 — 

 among the New Zealanders, 68 — 70 

 — among the inhabitants of the Mar- 

 quesas and Friendly Islands, 88 — 

 among the Kalmucks who inhabited 

 the fertile steppes of the VVolaa, 138 

 — among the negro nations of Africa, 

 148 — frequent in northern Siberia, 

 165— in Sweden, in 1799, 299— in- 

 stances of, in Scotland, 465 — it may 

 or may not accompany an increasing, 

 but must necessarily a permanently 

 declining, population, ii. 235. — See 

 also the articles Famine, and Pour- 

 Laws (under Poor). 

 Scotland ; State of, with Respect to the 

 Checks to Population, i. 450 — im- 

 perfection of the registers of births, 

 deaths, and marriages, ib. — average 

 mortality, and probabilities of life, 

 451 — proportion of marriages, 452 — 

 marriages later in Scotland than for- 

 merly, 454 — the condition of the 

 lower classes considerably improved 

 of late years, 453 — this probably 

 owing in part to the increase of the 

 preventive check to population, ib. — 

 different state of those parts where 

 marriages are earlier, 455 — rapid 

 tendency to increase in various dis- 

 tricts, 457. 459 — prolifickness of the 

 women, 459 — state of the poor, 461 

 — endemic and epidemic diseases, 

 463 — scnrvy, rheumatisms, consump- 



