5^4 



INDEX. 



tioiis, fevers, and small-pox, 463, 465 

 — scarcities and famines, 465 — -effects 

 of these upon deaths, birtlis, and 

 marriages, in some parishes, 465, 

 466 — 468 — in general over-peopled, 

 469. 

 Scotland ; romantic passion of the pea- 

 sants, and its beneficial influence on 

 the national character, ii. Si74, note t 

 — advantage of superior instruction 

 possessed bj the lower classes, and 

 its beneficial effects, 356. 436. 



(18!^5), ratio of increase in its 



population, i. 442, 443. — See also 

 the article Highlands. 

 Scurvy, its inveteracy in Scotland, i.463. 

 Seasons, general similarity of, in Europe 



in certain latitudes, ii. 208, note. 

 Self-love, the principal source of im- 

 provement in the stale of mankind, 

 ii. 21. 26. 441 — distinguished from 

 selfishness, 455, note. 

 Sensuality of all kinds strongly repro- 

 bated in the ordinances of Menu, i. 

 192. 

 Shangalla negroes, singular custom re- 

 specting polygamy among, i. 150 — 

 shortness of life among, 158. 

 Shepherds, what renders nations of them 

 peculiarl3' formidable, i. 93, 94 — 

 difficulty of the transition from the 

 pastoral to the agricultural state, 121 

 — a certain degree of security neces- 

 sary for this purpose, 130— See also 

 the article Pastoral. 

 Shetland Isles; increase of population 



there prejudicial, i. 456. 

 Siberia, Northern ; State of, with Re- 

 spect to the Checks to Population, i. 

 165 — frequent scarcity of food, 165, 

 166 — ravages of the small-pox, 166, 

 167 — niodeof living, 167 — Southern: 

 extraordinary fertility of the soil ; 

 population, nevertheless, does not 

 increase in the proportion which 

 might be expected, 168 — the great 

 obstacle in this case is, the want of 

 demand for labourers, and of a mar- 

 ket for the produce, 170 — 173 — a 

 bount3" upon children would not 

 effectually increase the population, 

 174 — means to be taken to produce 

 that result, ih, — beneficial changes 

 effected by the late empress of Russia 

 in this respect, 174 — 176 — the intro- 

 duction of habits of industry, still 

 necessary', 177 — unhealthiness, occa- 

 sional droughts, and other circum- 

 stances unfavourable to increase, 1 77 

 —179. 

 SUesia; proportion of its annual mor- 



tality to its population, and of births 

 to deaths, i. 334. — See also the article 

 Prussia. 

 Sinclair, Sir John, notice of his Statis- 

 tical Account of Scotland, i. 19, 20, 

 note. 

 Sire, prevalence of putrid fevers in, i. 



154. 

 Slavery, this condition unfavourable to 

 the propagation of the species in the 

 countries where it prevails, i. 250 — 

 checks to population which arc pe- 

 culiar to a state of slavery, 250, 251. 

 Slaves, great and constant exportation 

 of, from Africa, i. 147, 148 — practice 

 of selling in China, 219 — the argu- 

 ment in favour of the slave-trade, 

 deduced from the principle of popu- 

 lation, examined and refuted, ii. 473 

 —475. 

 Sleswick, duchy of; comparative state 



of the poor in, ii. 349. 

 Small-pox, its ravages among the Ame- 

 rican Indians, i. 45 — among the Kal- 

 mucks who inhabited the fertile 

 steppes of theVVolga,139 — in Persia, 

 189 — dreadful in the northern parts 

 of Siberia, 166, 167— in Scotland, 

 464 — its effects much increased by a 

 superabundant population, 524, 525 

 — notwithstanding its destructive 

 ravages, the average population of 

 the earth probably not affected by it, 

 307 — consequences of its possible 

 extirpation by means of the cow-pox, 

 considered, 307, 308. — See also ii. 

 433. 

 Society Islands. See the article Otaheitc. 

 Solon sanctioned the exposing of chil- 

 dren, i. 234 — his probable motives 

 for such permission, ih. 

 Son; to have one born confers on a man 

 spiritual benefits of the highest im- 

 portance, according to the ordinances 

 of Menu, i. 190. 

 Soups, cheap ; utility and value of such 



inventions estimated, ii. 390. 

 South America, ravages of famine in, i. 



56, 57. 

 South-sea Islands; stale of, with respect 

 to the checks to population, i. 66— 

 some of the more considerable, but 

 less known islands, 67, 68 — New 

 Zealand, 68 — 72 — Otaheite and the 

 Society Islands, 72 — 82 — the 

 Friendly and Sandwich Islands, 83 

 • — vice, including war, the principal 

 check, 83—85. 87 — Easter Island, 

 Marianne Islands, Formosa, and 

 others, 85 — 87— the fertility of these 

 islands probably exaggerated ; occa- 



